Bromine indirubin FLIM/PLIM sensors to measure oxygen in normoxic and hypoxic PDT conditions
Background: The induction of phototoxicity during photodynamic therapy (PDT) is dependent on oxygen availability. For this reason, the development of sensors to measure oxygen and oxygen consumption is extremely important. Approach: In this project we have used Fluorescence Lifetime imaging (FLIM) a...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1572100024000036 |
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| Summary: | Background: The induction of phototoxicity during photodynamic therapy (PDT) is dependent on oxygen availability. For this reason, the development of sensors to measure oxygen and oxygen consumption is extremely important. Approach: In this project we have used Fluorescence Lifetime imaging (FLIM) and Phosphorescence Lifetime Imaging/ delayed Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging (PLIM/dFLIM) to investigate the ability of bromine indirubin derivatives as oxygen sensors. Results: The oxygen sensitivity of bromine indirubins was detected through PLIM/dFLIM. Moreover, we have observed, by measuring nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) FLIM, that bromine indirubin has a significant impact on cellular metabolism by shifting the SCC-4 Cells metabolism from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to glycolysis. Conclusions: In conclusion, this study successfully achieves its goals and provides important insights into the use of indirubin as a potential oxygen consumption sensor with the capability to identify and differentiate between normoxic and hypoxic regions within the cells. |
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| ISSN: | 1572-1000 |