A Comparative <i>In Vitro</i> Digestion Study of Three Lipid Delivery Systems for Arachidonic and Docosahexaenoic Acids Intended to Be Used for Preterm Infants
It is well stablished that docosahexaenoic (DHA) and arachidonic (ARA) acids fulfill relevant biological activities, especially in newborns. However, oils containing these fatty acids are not always optimally digestible. To address this, various formulation strategies and lipid delivery systems have...
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2024-12-01
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| author | Blanca Pardo de Donlebún Assamae Chabni Celia Bañares Carlos F. Torres |
| author_facet | Blanca Pardo de Donlebún Assamae Chabni Celia Bañares Carlos F. Torres |
| author_sort | Blanca Pardo de Donlebún |
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| description | It is well stablished that docosahexaenoic (DHA) and arachidonic (ARA) acids fulfill relevant biological activities, especially in newborns. However, oils containing these fatty acids are not always optimally digestible. To address this, various formulation strategies and lipid delivery systems have been developed. This study compares the following three formulations in an <i>in vitro</i> digestion model to assess bioaccessibility: Enfamil<sup>®</sup> DHA & ARA (Mead Johnson & Company), an emulsion of Formulaid<sup>TM</sup>, AquaCelle<sup>®</sup>, and pasteurized donated human milk, and a previously characterized enzymatic glycerolysis product (GP) of ARA oil and microalgae oil in a 2:1 (<i>w</i>:<i>w</i>) ratio. To evaluate digestibility, parameters such as the percentage of oily phase (OP), micellar phase (MP), free fatty acids, and monoacylglycerols in the digestion product (DP) were considered. Additionally, diacylglycerol content in the MP can be used as an indirect marker of the emulsification capacity of the DP, and consequently, as an indicator of bioaccessibility. The GP demonstrated the highest bioaccessibility, with a DP containing more than 80% MP (<14% OP), rich in free fatty acids (60%) and monoacylglycerols (17%). Furthermore, more than 40% of total diacylglycerols were present in MP, highlighting GPs’ potential as a superior delivery system for DHA and ARA in preterm infant formulations. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
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| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj-art-c80efc013fdf4b57b2590546b99b9dfc2024-12-27T14:42:59ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492024-12-012924603210.3390/molecules29246032A Comparative <i>In Vitro</i> Digestion Study of Three Lipid Delivery Systems for Arachidonic and Docosahexaenoic Acids Intended to Be Used for Preterm InfantsBlanca Pardo de Donlebún0Assamae Chabni1Celia Bañares2Carlos F. Torres3Department of Bioactivity and Food Analysis, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), C/Nicolas Cabrera 9, Cantoblanco Campus, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), C/Nicolas Cabrera 9, Cantoblanco Campus, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Bioactivity and Food Analysis, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), C/Nicolas Cabrera 9, Cantoblanco Campus, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), C/Nicolas Cabrera 9, Cantoblanco Campus, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, SpainIt is well stablished that docosahexaenoic (DHA) and arachidonic (ARA) acids fulfill relevant biological activities, especially in newborns. However, oils containing these fatty acids are not always optimally digestible. To address this, various formulation strategies and lipid delivery systems have been developed. This study compares the following three formulations in an <i>in vitro</i> digestion model to assess bioaccessibility: Enfamil<sup>®</sup> DHA & ARA (Mead Johnson & Company), an emulsion of Formulaid<sup>TM</sup>, AquaCelle<sup>®</sup>, and pasteurized donated human milk, and a previously characterized enzymatic glycerolysis product (GP) of ARA oil and microalgae oil in a 2:1 (<i>w</i>:<i>w</i>) ratio. To evaluate digestibility, parameters such as the percentage of oily phase (OP), micellar phase (MP), free fatty acids, and monoacylglycerols in the digestion product (DP) were considered. Additionally, diacylglycerol content in the MP can be used as an indirect marker of the emulsification capacity of the DP, and consequently, as an indicator of bioaccessibility. The GP demonstrated the highest bioaccessibility, with a DP containing more than 80% MP (<14% OP), rich in free fatty acids (60%) and monoacylglycerols (17%). Furthermore, more than 40% of total diacylglycerols were present in MP, highlighting GPs’ potential as a superior delivery system for DHA and ARA in preterm infant formulations.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/24/6032arachidonic acidbio-accessibilitydocosahexaenoic acidenzymatic glycerolysis productformulations<i>in vitro</i> digestion |
| spellingShingle | Blanca Pardo de Donlebún Assamae Chabni Celia Bañares Carlos F. Torres A Comparative <i>In Vitro</i> Digestion Study of Three Lipid Delivery Systems for Arachidonic and Docosahexaenoic Acids Intended to Be Used for Preterm Infants Molecules arachidonic acid bio-accessibility docosahexaenoic acid enzymatic glycerolysis product formulations <i>in vitro</i> digestion |
| title | A Comparative <i>In Vitro</i> Digestion Study of Three Lipid Delivery Systems for Arachidonic and Docosahexaenoic Acids Intended to Be Used for Preterm Infants |
| title_full | A Comparative <i>In Vitro</i> Digestion Study of Three Lipid Delivery Systems for Arachidonic and Docosahexaenoic Acids Intended to Be Used for Preterm Infants |
| title_fullStr | A Comparative <i>In Vitro</i> Digestion Study of Three Lipid Delivery Systems for Arachidonic and Docosahexaenoic Acids Intended to Be Used for Preterm Infants |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Comparative <i>In Vitro</i> Digestion Study of Three Lipid Delivery Systems for Arachidonic and Docosahexaenoic Acids Intended to Be Used for Preterm Infants |
| title_short | A Comparative <i>In Vitro</i> Digestion Study of Three Lipid Delivery Systems for Arachidonic and Docosahexaenoic Acids Intended to Be Used for Preterm Infants |
| title_sort | comparative i in vitro i digestion study of three lipid delivery systems for arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids intended to be used for preterm infants |
| topic | arachidonic acid bio-accessibility docosahexaenoic acid enzymatic glycerolysis product formulations <i>in vitro</i> digestion |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/24/6032 |
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