Gravitational waves from high temperature strings
Abstract We study finite temperature effects in string cosmology and their potential gravitational wave signature. Expanding on our recent work [1], we consider a general configuration of highly excited open and closed strings at high enough temperature to be in the Hagedorn phase in 3+1 dimensions,...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SpringerOpen
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Journal of High Energy Physics |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP12(2024)174 |
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| _version_ | 1841559914030301184 |
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| author | Andrew R. Frey Ratul Mahanta Anshuman Maharana Fernando Quevedo Gonzalo Villa |
| author_facet | Andrew R. Frey Ratul Mahanta Anshuman Maharana Fernando Quevedo Gonzalo Villa |
| author_sort | Andrew R. Frey |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract We study finite temperature effects in string cosmology and their potential gravitational wave signature. Expanding on our recent work [1], we consider a general configuration of highly excited open and closed strings at high enough temperature to be in the Hagedorn phase in 3+1 dimensions, in order to explore its cosmological implications. We find conditions, which can be satisfied in compactifications with moduli stabilization, that allow the long strings to remain in equilibrium in a controlled effective field theory, with equilibration driven by the joining and splitting of the dominant open string population. We calculate the emission rate of gravitons by long open strings, which we show is determined by ten dimensional flat space transition amplitudes available in the literature, and then find the total gravitational wave spectrum generated by the gas of long strings. The gravitational wave spectrum has robust characteristics. It peaks at frequencies of order 50-100 GHz, the same as for gravitational waves from the reheating epoch of the Standard Model. But the amplitude of the string signal is significantly larger than predicted by the Standard Model and its field theoretic extensions. The amplitude and other physical observables (such as the contribution to ∆N eff) are directly proportional to the string scale M s ; indicating that a potential signal may also determine the string scale. Our calculations provide one of the few examples of a signal of stringy origin that dominates over the field theory predictions. We give a physical explanation of our results and discuss further implications. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c806753dd7244d9786289872cd209298 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1029-8479 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of High Energy Physics |
| spelling | doaj-art-c806753dd7244d9786289872cd2092982025-01-05T12:06:15ZengSpringerOpenJournal of High Energy Physics1029-84792024-12-0120241214110.1007/JHEP12(2024)174Gravitational waves from high temperature stringsAndrew R. Frey0Ratul Mahanta1Anshuman Maharana2Fernando Quevedo3Gonzalo Villa4Department of Physics and Winnipeg Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of WinnipegDepartment of Physics and Winnipeg Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of WinnipegHarish Chandra Research Institute, A CI of Homi Bhabha National InstituteDAMTP, University of CambridgeDAMTP, University of CambridgeAbstract We study finite temperature effects in string cosmology and their potential gravitational wave signature. Expanding on our recent work [1], we consider a general configuration of highly excited open and closed strings at high enough temperature to be in the Hagedorn phase in 3+1 dimensions, in order to explore its cosmological implications. We find conditions, which can be satisfied in compactifications with moduli stabilization, that allow the long strings to remain in equilibrium in a controlled effective field theory, with equilibration driven by the joining and splitting of the dominant open string population. We calculate the emission rate of gravitons by long open strings, which we show is determined by ten dimensional flat space transition amplitudes available in the literature, and then find the total gravitational wave spectrum generated by the gas of long strings. The gravitational wave spectrum has robust characteristics. It peaks at frequencies of order 50-100 GHz, the same as for gravitational waves from the reheating epoch of the Standard Model. But the amplitude of the string signal is significantly larger than predicted by the Standard Model and its field theoretic extensions. The amplitude and other physical observables (such as the contribution to ∆N eff) are directly proportional to the string scale M s ; indicating that a potential signal may also determine the string scale. Our calculations provide one of the few examples of a signal of stringy origin that dominates over the field theory predictions. We give a physical explanation of our results and discuss further implications.https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP12(2024)174Early Universe Particle PhysicsLong StringsCosmological modelsFlux Compactifications |
| spellingShingle | Andrew R. Frey Ratul Mahanta Anshuman Maharana Fernando Quevedo Gonzalo Villa Gravitational waves from high temperature strings Journal of High Energy Physics Early Universe Particle Physics Long Strings Cosmological models Flux Compactifications |
| title | Gravitational waves from high temperature strings |
| title_full | Gravitational waves from high temperature strings |
| title_fullStr | Gravitational waves from high temperature strings |
| title_full_unstemmed | Gravitational waves from high temperature strings |
| title_short | Gravitational waves from high temperature strings |
| title_sort | gravitational waves from high temperature strings |
| topic | Early Universe Particle Physics Long Strings Cosmological models Flux Compactifications |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP12(2024)174 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT andrewrfrey gravitationalwavesfromhightemperaturestrings AT ratulmahanta gravitationalwavesfromhightemperaturestrings AT anshumanmaharana gravitationalwavesfromhightemperaturestrings AT fernandoquevedo gravitationalwavesfromhightemperaturestrings AT gonzalovilla gravitationalwavesfromhightemperaturestrings |