Case Report: A novel CXCR4 variant (p.S341Y) in a family with a pathogenic NFKB1 variant and variable clinical manifestations
WHIM syndrome is typically caused by C-terminal gain-of-function variants in CXCR4, yet clinical heterogeneity suggests additional genetic modifiers. We investigated a family in which the 22-year-old proband harbored two heterozygous variants: a novel CXCR4 missense variant, c.1022C>A (p.S341...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1641122/full |
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| Summary: | WHIM syndrome is typically caused by C-terminal gain-of-function variants in CXCR4, yet clinical heterogeneity suggests additional genetic modifiers. We investigated a family in which the 22-year-old proband harbored two heterozygous variants: a novel CXCR4 missense variant, c.1022C>A (p.S341Y), and a frameshift variant in NFKB1, c.980dup (p.A328Sfs*12). Functionally, CXCR4 p.S341Y substitution - located two residues upstream of the known pathogenic p.E343K variant - increased CXCL12-induced chemotaxis and ERK/AKT signaling while minimally affecting receptor internalization, supporting a partial CXCR4 gain-of-function. The CXCR4 variant co-segregated with mild neutropenia, recurrent respiratory infections, and cutaneous warts in the paternal lineage. In contrast, the maternal NFKB1 variant was associated with agammaglobulinemia and autoimmunity. Their co-inheritance in the proband resulted in a blended WHIM/CVID phenotype characterized by myelokathexis, B-cell maturation arrest and T-cell dysregulation. This case expands the phenotypic spectrum of CXCR4 variants and highlights how multilocus inheritance can obscure classical diagnostic boundaries and guide individualized therapy. |
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| ISSN: | 1664-3224 |