Epidemiological and histopathological profile of lung Cancer: Insights from a 15-year cross-sectional study at a tertiary care centre in South India

AbstractBackgroundIn India, lung cancer accounts for 5.9 % of all cancers and 8.1 % of all cancer-related deaths, with adenocarcinoma emerging as the most common histopathological subtype in developing countries.AimsTo analyze the shifting trends in the epidemiology and histopathology of lung cancer...

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Main Authors: Asmita A. Mehta, Keechilat Pavithran, Prem Kumar Nair, Vishnu Vazhoor, Georg Gutjahr, V.P. Lakshmi Priya
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:Global Epidemiology
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590113325000264
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author Asmita A. Mehta
Keechilat Pavithran
Prem Kumar Nair
Vishnu Vazhoor
Georg Gutjahr
V.P. Lakshmi Priya
author_facet Asmita A. Mehta
Keechilat Pavithran
Prem Kumar Nair
Vishnu Vazhoor
Georg Gutjahr
V.P. Lakshmi Priya
author_sort Asmita A. Mehta
collection DOAJ
description AbstractBackgroundIn India, lung cancer accounts for 5.9 % of all cancers and 8.1 % of all cancer-related deaths, with adenocarcinoma emerging as the most common histopathological subtype in developing countries.AimsTo analyze the shifting trends in the epidemiology and histopathology of lung cancer over 15 years, with a focus on gender differences in the prevalence of adenocarcinoma.MethodThis observational, cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care center in Southern India to evaluate the trends in the epidemiology and histopathology of lung cancer over a 15-year period (2008–2022). Data were gathered from patients aged ≥18 diagnosed with primary lung carcinoma. The annual distribution of patients was documented based on age, sex, and tumor histopathology. The analysis was conducted using SPSS software.ResultsA total of 4466 newly diagnosed primary lung cancer cases were analyzed over a 15-year period. The median age at diagnosis was 64 years, with a shift in age distribution over time. The proportion of female cases rose from 20.1 % to 28.4 %, while male cases declined from 79 % to 71 %, indicating a significant gender shift. Adenocarcinoma was the most common histopathology subtype, increasing from 22 % to 40 % in men and from 32 % to 55 % in women. Significant associations were observed between histopathology subtype and age group, gender, and year of diagnosis.ConclusionThe study revealed evolving trends in the lung cancer profile over the last 15 years. A significant increase in the prevalence of adenocarcinoma was observed, with a more pronounced rise among women compared to men.
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spelling doaj-art-c7b81a0fe0d64364b0a8dc27e9bae3e22025-08-20T03:45:04ZengElsevierGlobal Epidemiology2590-11332025-06-01910020810.1016/j.gloepi.2025.100208Epidemiological and histopathological profile of lung Cancer: Insights from a 15-year cross-sectional study at a tertiary care centre in South IndiaAsmita A. Mehta0Keechilat Pavithran1Prem Kumar Nair2Vishnu Vazhoor3Georg Gutjahr4V.P. Lakshmi Priya5Department of Respiratory Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, P.O.AIMS Ponekkara, Kochi 682041, Kerala, India; Corresponding author at: Respiratory Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Ponekkara, Kochi 682041, Kerala, India.Department of Medical Oncology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, P.O.AIMS Ponekkara, Kochi -682041, Kerala, IndiaAmrita School of Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, P.O.AIMS Ponekkara, Kochi-682041, Kerala, IndiaDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, P.O.AIMS Ponekkara, Kochi 682041, Kerala, IndiaDepartment of Health Science Research, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, P.O.AIMS Ponekkara, Kochi - 682041, Kerala, IndiaDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, P.O.AIMS Ponekkara, Kochi 682041, Kerala, IndiaAbstractBackgroundIn India, lung cancer accounts for 5.9 % of all cancers and 8.1 % of all cancer-related deaths, with adenocarcinoma emerging as the most common histopathological subtype in developing countries.AimsTo analyze the shifting trends in the epidemiology and histopathology of lung cancer over 15 years, with a focus on gender differences in the prevalence of adenocarcinoma.MethodThis observational, cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care center in Southern India to evaluate the trends in the epidemiology and histopathology of lung cancer over a 15-year period (2008–2022). Data were gathered from patients aged ≥18 diagnosed with primary lung carcinoma. The annual distribution of patients was documented based on age, sex, and tumor histopathology. The analysis was conducted using SPSS software.ResultsA total of 4466 newly diagnosed primary lung cancer cases were analyzed over a 15-year period. The median age at diagnosis was 64 years, with a shift in age distribution over time. The proportion of female cases rose from 20.1 % to 28.4 %, while male cases declined from 79 % to 71 %, indicating a significant gender shift. Adenocarcinoma was the most common histopathology subtype, increasing from 22 % to 40 % in men and from 32 % to 55 % in women. Significant associations were observed between histopathology subtype and age group, gender, and year of diagnosis.ConclusionThe study revealed evolving trends in the lung cancer profile over the last 15 years. A significant increase in the prevalence of adenocarcinoma was observed, with a more pronounced rise among women compared to men.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590113325000264Lung cancerEpidemiologyHistologyGender differences
spellingShingle Asmita A. Mehta
Keechilat Pavithran
Prem Kumar Nair
Vishnu Vazhoor
Georg Gutjahr
V.P. Lakshmi Priya
Epidemiological and histopathological profile of lung Cancer: Insights from a 15-year cross-sectional study at a tertiary care centre in South India
Global Epidemiology
Lung cancer
Epidemiology
Histology
Gender differences
title Epidemiological and histopathological profile of lung Cancer: Insights from a 15-year cross-sectional study at a tertiary care centre in South India
title_full Epidemiological and histopathological profile of lung Cancer: Insights from a 15-year cross-sectional study at a tertiary care centre in South India
title_fullStr Epidemiological and histopathological profile of lung Cancer: Insights from a 15-year cross-sectional study at a tertiary care centre in South India
title_full_unstemmed Epidemiological and histopathological profile of lung Cancer: Insights from a 15-year cross-sectional study at a tertiary care centre in South India
title_short Epidemiological and histopathological profile of lung Cancer: Insights from a 15-year cross-sectional study at a tertiary care centre in South India
title_sort epidemiological and histopathological profile of lung cancer insights from a 15 year cross sectional study at a tertiary care centre in south india
topic Lung cancer
Epidemiology
Histology
Gender differences
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590113325000264
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