Mechanical properties of the gastrocnemius muscle‐tendon unit in male athletic high jumpers

Abstract Tendon compliance facilitates power exertion during stretch‐shortening cycle exercises through muscle‐tendon interaction. Tendons stiffen in response to mechanical loadings, and their stiffness sometimes affects motor performance, but no consensus has been reached yet. We investigated the g...

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Main Authors: Toshihide Fujimori, Natsuki Sado
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-05-01
Series:Physiological Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.70370
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author Toshihide Fujimori
Natsuki Sado
author_facet Toshihide Fujimori
Natsuki Sado
author_sort Toshihide Fujimori
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Tendon compliance facilitates power exertion during stretch‐shortening cycle exercises through muscle‐tendon interaction. Tendons stiffen in response to mechanical loadings, and their stiffness sometimes affects motor performance, but no consensus has been reached yet. We investigated the gastrocnemius muscle‐tendon properties of 10 male amateur high jumpers and 14 untrained males. Participants performed maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) of ankle plantar flexion. We measured the maximum joint torque and Achilles tendon stiffness using a torque dynamometer for force measurement, an ultrasound apparatus to track tendon elongation, and a motion capture system to correct joint rotation. High jumpers exerted significantly greater MVC torque than untrained individuals (152.8 ± 31.8 vs. 103.6 ± 18.9 Nm). Tendon stiffness did not significantly differ between groups (287.3 ± 90.9 vs. 258.4 ± 85.6 N/mm). This suggests that strengthening muscles and stiffening tendons may independently adapt through high jump training. In high jumpers, high jump personal best record significantly correlated with MVC torque (r = 0.73) but not significantly correlated with tendon stiffness (r = −0.07). Muscle force exertion ability enhanced by training should be important for improving high jump performance, while tendon stiffening is not necessary for performance. We suggest that humans may inherently have adequate tendon properties for jumping, even without specific training.
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spelling doaj-art-c7b7f22d90444194ba1b65e3f54d07f22025-08-20T03:49:44ZengWileyPhysiological Reports2051-817X2025-05-01139n/an/a10.14814/phy2.70370Mechanical properties of the gastrocnemius muscle‐tendon unit in male athletic high jumpersToshihide Fujimori0Natsuki Sado1Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences University of Tsukuba Tsukuba JapanInstitute of Health and Sport Sciences University of Tsukuba Tsukuba JapanAbstract Tendon compliance facilitates power exertion during stretch‐shortening cycle exercises through muscle‐tendon interaction. Tendons stiffen in response to mechanical loadings, and their stiffness sometimes affects motor performance, but no consensus has been reached yet. We investigated the gastrocnemius muscle‐tendon properties of 10 male amateur high jumpers and 14 untrained males. Participants performed maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) of ankle plantar flexion. We measured the maximum joint torque and Achilles tendon stiffness using a torque dynamometer for force measurement, an ultrasound apparatus to track tendon elongation, and a motion capture system to correct joint rotation. High jumpers exerted significantly greater MVC torque than untrained individuals (152.8 ± 31.8 vs. 103.6 ± 18.9 Nm). Tendon stiffness did not significantly differ between groups (287.3 ± 90.9 vs. 258.4 ± 85.6 N/mm). This suggests that strengthening muscles and stiffening tendons may independently adapt through high jump training. In high jumpers, high jump personal best record significantly correlated with MVC torque (r = 0.73) but not significantly correlated with tendon stiffness (r = −0.07). Muscle force exertion ability enhanced by training should be important for improving high jump performance, while tendon stiffening is not necessary for performance. We suggest that humans may inherently have adequate tendon properties for jumping, even without specific training.https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.70370biomechanicsin vivomuscle tendon unitperformanceskeletal muscletendon stiffness
spellingShingle Toshihide Fujimori
Natsuki Sado
Mechanical properties of the gastrocnemius muscle‐tendon unit in male athletic high jumpers
Physiological Reports
biomechanics
in vivo
muscle tendon unit
performance
skeletal muscle
tendon stiffness
title Mechanical properties of the gastrocnemius muscle‐tendon unit in male athletic high jumpers
title_full Mechanical properties of the gastrocnemius muscle‐tendon unit in male athletic high jumpers
title_fullStr Mechanical properties of the gastrocnemius muscle‐tendon unit in male athletic high jumpers
title_full_unstemmed Mechanical properties of the gastrocnemius muscle‐tendon unit in male athletic high jumpers
title_short Mechanical properties of the gastrocnemius muscle‐tendon unit in male athletic high jumpers
title_sort mechanical properties of the gastrocnemius muscle tendon unit in male athletic high jumpers
topic biomechanics
in vivo
muscle tendon unit
performance
skeletal muscle
tendon stiffness
url https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.70370
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