High-adhesive and conductive AMPSs-TA-Fe hydrogels via E-beam-assisted rapid one-pot synthesis for strain sensor

The development of high-performance hydrogels with high ionic conductivity, mechanical stability, and exceptional skin adhesion, even under wet conditions, is crucial for advancements in wearable electronics. With abundant hydroxyl groups, tannic acid (TA) is renowned for its adhesion to skin in moi...

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Main Authors: Eunhye Kim, Heewoong Park, Ngo Thi Hang, Daewoo Kim, Seunghan Shin, Kiok Kwon
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:Polymer Testing
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142941825001321
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author Eunhye Kim
Heewoong Park
Ngo Thi Hang
Daewoo Kim
Seunghan Shin
Kiok Kwon
author_facet Eunhye Kim
Heewoong Park
Ngo Thi Hang
Daewoo Kim
Seunghan Shin
Kiok Kwon
author_sort Eunhye Kim
collection DOAJ
description The development of high-performance hydrogels with high ionic conductivity, mechanical stability, and exceptional skin adhesion, even under wet conditions, is crucial for advancements in wearable electronics. With abundant hydroxyl groups, tannic acid (TA) is renowned for its adhesion to skin in moist environments, facilitated by coordination bonds with metal ions such as Fe3+. However, TA's radical scavenging effect complicates polymerization by UV or thermal curing, leading prior studies to adopt time-intensive, costly approaches, such as post-polymerization soaking or pre-formed polymers. Here, we used E-beam irradiation for rapid, one-pot in situ polymerization from a precursor solution of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid sodium salt (AMPSs), TA, and Fe ions, incorporating all components in a single step. We report the successful synthesis of a multifunctional hydrogel with exceptional skin adhesion, high ionic conductivity, strong mechanical strength, excellent recovery, and self-healing properties, all achieved through a simple one-pot electron beam curing method in just 13.89 s. This remarkable curing time contrasts with the lengthy durations (1–8 h) of conventional TA-incorporating methods, eliminating the need for heat or UV initiators. The resulting P(AMPSs-TA-Fe) hydrogel exhibited high skin adhesion (154.53 N/m) due to TA-Fe coordination and excellent ionic conductivity (2.71 S/m) from AMPSs, Fe3+ ions, and TA's ion-bridging effect. The reversible TA-Fe bonding also imparted strong fatigue resistance (1.32 kJ/m3 at 200 % strain) and self-healing, enabling conductivity recovery within 2.4 s after damage. Overall, the P(AMPSs-TA-Fe) hydrogel shows great promise for flexible sensors, combining robust mechanical performance, excellent skin adhesion, high ionic conductivity, and rapid self-healing.
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institution Kabale University
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publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher Elsevier
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series Polymer Testing
spelling doaj-art-c7b4b8c635984834b5b93dd9a2d772222025-08-20T03:53:12ZengElsevierPolymer Testing1873-23482025-06-0114710881810.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108818High-adhesive and conductive AMPSs-TA-Fe hydrogels via E-beam-assisted rapid one-pot synthesis for strain sensorEunhye Kim0Heewoong Park1Ngo Thi Hang2Daewoo Kim3Seunghan Shin4Kiok Kwon5Green and Sustainable Materials R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Republic of Korea; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of KoreaGreen and Sustainable Materials R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Republic of KoreaGreen and Sustainable Materials R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Republic of Korea; Department of Green Process and System Engineering, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), Chungnam, Cheonan, 31056, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of KoreaGreen and Sustainable Materials R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Republic of Korea; Department of Green Process and System Engineering, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), Chungnam, Cheonan, 31056, Republic of Korea; Corresponding author. Green and Sustainable Materials R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Republic of Korea.Green and Sustainable Materials R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Republic of Korea; Corresponding author.The development of high-performance hydrogels with high ionic conductivity, mechanical stability, and exceptional skin adhesion, even under wet conditions, is crucial for advancements in wearable electronics. With abundant hydroxyl groups, tannic acid (TA) is renowned for its adhesion to skin in moist environments, facilitated by coordination bonds with metal ions such as Fe3+. However, TA's radical scavenging effect complicates polymerization by UV or thermal curing, leading prior studies to adopt time-intensive, costly approaches, such as post-polymerization soaking or pre-formed polymers. Here, we used E-beam irradiation for rapid, one-pot in situ polymerization from a precursor solution of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid sodium salt (AMPSs), TA, and Fe ions, incorporating all components in a single step. We report the successful synthesis of a multifunctional hydrogel with exceptional skin adhesion, high ionic conductivity, strong mechanical strength, excellent recovery, and self-healing properties, all achieved through a simple one-pot electron beam curing method in just 13.89 s. This remarkable curing time contrasts with the lengthy durations (1–8 h) of conventional TA-incorporating methods, eliminating the need for heat or UV initiators. The resulting P(AMPSs-TA-Fe) hydrogel exhibited high skin adhesion (154.53 N/m) due to TA-Fe coordination and excellent ionic conductivity (2.71 S/m) from AMPSs, Fe3+ ions, and TA's ion-bridging effect. The reversible TA-Fe bonding also imparted strong fatigue resistance (1.32 kJ/m3 at 200 % strain) and self-healing, enabling conductivity recovery within 2.4 s after damage. Overall, the P(AMPSs-TA-Fe) hydrogel shows great promise for flexible sensors, combining robust mechanical performance, excellent skin adhesion, high ionic conductivity, and rapid self-healing.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142941825001321HydrogelTannic acidMetal chelatingE-beamOne pot synthesisStrain sensor
spellingShingle Eunhye Kim
Heewoong Park
Ngo Thi Hang
Daewoo Kim
Seunghan Shin
Kiok Kwon
High-adhesive and conductive AMPSs-TA-Fe hydrogels via E-beam-assisted rapid one-pot synthesis for strain sensor
Polymer Testing
Hydrogel
Tannic acid
Metal chelating
E-beam
One pot synthesis
Strain sensor
title High-adhesive and conductive AMPSs-TA-Fe hydrogels via E-beam-assisted rapid one-pot synthesis for strain sensor
title_full High-adhesive and conductive AMPSs-TA-Fe hydrogels via E-beam-assisted rapid one-pot synthesis for strain sensor
title_fullStr High-adhesive and conductive AMPSs-TA-Fe hydrogels via E-beam-assisted rapid one-pot synthesis for strain sensor
title_full_unstemmed High-adhesive and conductive AMPSs-TA-Fe hydrogels via E-beam-assisted rapid one-pot synthesis for strain sensor
title_short High-adhesive and conductive AMPSs-TA-Fe hydrogels via E-beam-assisted rapid one-pot synthesis for strain sensor
title_sort high adhesive and conductive ampss ta fe hydrogels via e beam assisted rapid one pot synthesis for strain sensor
topic Hydrogel
Tannic acid
Metal chelating
E-beam
One pot synthesis
Strain sensor
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142941825001321
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