GPs’ experienced challenges and strategies for supporting patient self-management in disease management programs for type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease - a qualitative study

Abstract Background Effective self-management (SM) is essential for improving health and preventing severe complications in patients with lifestyle-related chronic conditions, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and CHD. Thus, enhancing patients’ SM through self-management support has become an...

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Main Authors: Larisa Pilic, Kira Molkentin, Alina Herrmann, Marcus Redaèlli, Lisa Kupsch, Lion Lehmann, August-Wilhelm Bödecker, Beate Sigrid Müller, Stephanie Stock, Stefan Wilm
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:BMC Primary Care
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-025-02896-w
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author Larisa Pilic
Kira Molkentin
Alina Herrmann
Marcus Redaèlli
Lisa Kupsch
Lion Lehmann
August-Wilhelm Bödecker
Beate Sigrid Müller
Stephanie Stock
Stefan Wilm
author_facet Larisa Pilic
Kira Molkentin
Alina Herrmann
Marcus Redaèlli
Lisa Kupsch
Lion Lehmann
August-Wilhelm Bödecker
Beate Sigrid Müller
Stephanie Stock
Stefan Wilm
author_sort Larisa Pilic
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Effective self-management (SM) is essential for improving health and preventing severe complications in patients with lifestyle-related chronic conditions, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and CHD. Thus, enhancing patients’ SM through self-management support has become an integral part of chronic care programs worldwide. However, information on the current focus on SM in German disease management programs (DMPs) is very limited. The aim of this study was to understand general practitioners’ (GPs’) experiences and strategies for promoting SM. Methods An exploratory qualitative design was selected, resulting in the conduct of five focus group discussions with 20 GPs in August and September 2020. The GPs were recruited from the teaching practices of the University Hospital Cologne through purposive sampling. Their experiences and opinions on SM were assessed in questions blocks using a semi-structured interview guide and analysed by a multi-professional team employing Kuckartz’ method of qualitative content analysis. Results The focus group discussions were structured around three main categories: (1) GPs’ perceived patient SM in the DMPs for T2DM and CHD, (2) GPs’ perceptions of factors influencing patient motivation for SM, and (3) strategies fostering patient motivation for SM. Discussions revolved around patients’ motivation and capabilities to implement a sustainable SM in their daily lives. Many GPs followed a patient-centered approach to foster SM in their patients, considering various challenging individual, social and institutional factors that influence SM in chronically ill patients. Conclusion GPs regularly support their patients’ SM as a routine part of the DMP through ongoing consultations and education. However, they face several challenges in facilitating sustainable patient SM, which requires support by additional and standardized measures beyond the current DMP care to be effective.
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spelling doaj-art-c78fe9d0798e4bd09f986a6da2c6f1b92025-08-20T03:43:29ZengBMCBMC Primary Care2731-45532025-07-0126111310.1186/s12875-025-02896-wGPs’ experienced challenges and strategies for supporting patient self-management in disease management programs for type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease - a qualitative studyLarisa Pilic0Kira Molkentin1Alina Herrmann2Marcus Redaèlli3Lisa Kupsch4Lion Lehmann5August-Wilhelm Bödecker6Beate Sigrid Müller7Stephanie Stock8Stefan Wilm9Institute of General Practice, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of CologneInstitute of General Practice, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of CologneInstitute of General Practice, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of CologneInstitute of Health Economics and Clinical Epidemiology (IGKE), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of CologneInstitute of General Practice, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of CologneInstitute of General Practice, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of CologneInstitute of General Practice, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of CologneInstitute of General Practice, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of CologneInstitute of Health Economics and Clinical Epidemiology (IGKE), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of CologneInstitute of General Practice, Heinrich Heine University DüsseldorfAbstract Background Effective self-management (SM) is essential for improving health and preventing severe complications in patients with lifestyle-related chronic conditions, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and CHD. Thus, enhancing patients’ SM through self-management support has become an integral part of chronic care programs worldwide. However, information on the current focus on SM in German disease management programs (DMPs) is very limited. The aim of this study was to understand general practitioners’ (GPs’) experiences and strategies for promoting SM. Methods An exploratory qualitative design was selected, resulting in the conduct of five focus group discussions with 20 GPs in August and September 2020. The GPs were recruited from the teaching practices of the University Hospital Cologne through purposive sampling. Their experiences and opinions on SM were assessed in questions blocks using a semi-structured interview guide and analysed by a multi-professional team employing Kuckartz’ method of qualitative content analysis. Results The focus group discussions were structured around three main categories: (1) GPs’ perceived patient SM in the DMPs for T2DM and CHD, (2) GPs’ perceptions of factors influencing patient motivation for SM, and (3) strategies fostering patient motivation for SM. Discussions revolved around patients’ motivation and capabilities to implement a sustainable SM in their daily lives. Many GPs followed a patient-centered approach to foster SM in their patients, considering various challenging individual, social and institutional factors that influence SM in chronically ill patients. Conclusion GPs regularly support their patients’ SM as a routine part of the DMP through ongoing consultations and education. However, they face several challenges in facilitating sustainable patient SM, which requires support by additional and standardized measures beyond the current DMP care to be effective.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-025-02896-wPatient motivationSelf-managementDisease management program (DMP)Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)Coronary heart disease (CHD)General practice
spellingShingle Larisa Pilic
Kira Molkentin
Alina Herrmann
Marcus Redaèlli
Lisa Kupsch
Lion Lehmann
August-Wilhelm Bödecker
Beate Sigrid Müller
Stephanie Stock
Stefan Wilm
GPs’ experienced challenges and strategies for supporting patient self-management in disease management programs for type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease - a qualitative study
BMC Primary Care
Patient motivation
Self-management
Disease management program (DMP)
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)
Coronary heart disease (CHD)
General practice
title GPs’ experienced challenges and strategies for supporting patient self-management in disease management programs for type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease - a qualitative study
title_full GPs’ experienced challenges and strategies for supporting patient self-management in disease management programs for type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease - a qualitative study
title_fullStr GPs’ experienced challenges and strategies for supporting patient self-management in disease management programs for type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease - a qualitative study
title_full_unstemmed GPs’ experienced challenges and strategies for supporting patient self-management in disease management programs for type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease - a qualitative study
title_short GPs’ experienced challenges and strategies for supporting patient self-management in disease management programs for type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease - a qualitative study
title_sort gps experienced challenges and strategies for supporting patient self management in disease management programs for type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease a qualitative study
topic Patient motivation
Self-management
Disease management program (DMP)
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)
Coronary heart disease (CHD)
General practice
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-025-02896-w
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