The burden of group A Streptococcus (GAS) infections: The challenge continues in the twenty-first century
Summary: Streptococcus pyogenes is a Gram-positive bacterium, also known as Group A Streptococcus (GAS), that has become a significant threat to the healthcare system, infecting more than 18 million people and resulting in more than 500,000 deaths annually worldwide. GAS infection rates decreased gr...
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| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589004224029043 |
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| author | Aswin Thacharodi Saqib Hassan Avadh Vithlani Tawfeeq Ahmed Sanjana Kavish Nicole-Mae Geli Blacknell Ali Alqahtani Arivalagan Pugazhendhi |
| author_facet | Aswin Thacharodi Saqib Hassan Avadh Vithlani Tawfeeq Ahmed Sanjana Kavish Nicole-Mae Geli Blacknell Ali Alqahtani Arivalagan Pugazhendhi |
| author_sort | Aswin Thacharodi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Summary: Streptococcus pyogenes is a Gram-positive bacterium, also known as Group A Streptococcus (GAS), that has become a significant threat to the healthcare system, infecting more than 18 million people and resulting in more than 500,000 deaths annually worldwide. GAS infection rates decreased gradually during the 20th century in Western countries, largely due to improved living conditions and access to antibiotics. However, post-COVID-19, the situation has led to a steep increase in GAS infection rates in Europe, the United States, Australia, and New Zealand, which triggers a global concern. GAS infections are normally moderate, with symptoms of fever, pharyngitis, and pyoderma; nevertheless, if left untreated or with continued exposure to GAS or with recurring infections it can result in fatal outcomes. GAS produces a variety of virulence factors and exotoxins that can lead to deadly infections such as necrotizing fasciitis, impetigo, cellulitis, pneumonia, empyema, streptococcal toxic shock syndrome, bacteremia, and puerperal sepsis. In addition, post-immune mediated disorders such as post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, acute rheumatic fever, and rheumatic heart disease contribute to extremely high death rates in developing nations. Despite substantial research on GAS infections, it is still unclear what molecular pathways are responsible for their emergence and how to best manage them. This review thus provides insights into the most recent research on the pathogenesis, virulence, resistance, and host interaction mechanisms of GAS, as well as novel management options to assist scientific communities in combating GAS infections. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c6fc3dba00414c64b485246fd1bb62d8 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2589-0042 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | iScience |
| spelling | doaj-art-c6fc3dba00414c64b485246fd1bb62d82025-01-11T06:41:49ZengElsevieriScience2589-00422025-01-01281111677The burden of group A Streptococcus (GAS) infections: The challenge continues in the twenty-first centuryAswin Thacharodi0Saqib Hassan1Avadh Vithlani2Tawfeeq Ahmed3Sanjana Kavish4Nicole-Mae Geli Blacknell5Ali Alqahtani6Arivalagan Pugazhendhi7Dr. Thacharodi’s Laboratories, Department of Research and Development, Puducherry 605005, IndiaDepartment of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600119, India; Future Leaders Mentoring Fellow, American Society for Microbiology, Washington 20036, USASenior Resident, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, IndiaDepartment of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600119, IndiaDepartment of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600119, IndiaBiomedical Sciences, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UKDepartment of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi ArabiaInstitute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam; School of Engineering & Technology, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam; Corresponding authorSummary: Streptococcus pyogenes is a Gram-positive bacterium, also known as Group A Streptococcus (GAS), that has become a significant threat to the healthcare system, infecting more than 18 million people and resulting in more than 500,000 deaths annually worldwide. GAS infection rates decreased gradually during the 20th century in Western countries, largely due to improved living conditions and access to antibiotics. However, post-COVID-19, the situation has led to a steep increase in GAS infection rates in Europe, the United States, Australia, and New Zealand, which triggers a global concern. GAS infections are normally moderate, with symptoms of fever, pharyngitis, and pyoderma; nevertheless, if left untreated or with continued exposure to GAS or with recurring infections it can result in fatal outcomes. GAS produces a variety of virulence factors and exotoxins that can lead to deadly infections such as necrotizing fasciitis, impetigo, cellulitis, pneumonia, empyema, streptococcal toxic shock syndrome, bacteremia, and puerperal sepsis. In addition, post-immune mediated disorders such as post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, acute rheumatic fever, and rheumatic heart disease contribute to extremely high death rates in developing nations. Despite substantial research on GAS infections, it is still unclear what molecular pathways are responsible for their emergence and how to best manage them. This review thus provides insights into the most recent research on the pathogenesis, virulence, resistance, and host interaction mechanisms of GAS, as well as novel management options to assist scientific communities in combating GAS infections.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589004224029043Biological sciencesHealth sciencesMedical microbiologyMedical specialtyMedicineMicrobiology |
| spellingShingle | Aswin Thacharodi Saqib Hassan Avadh Vithlani Tawfeeq Ahmed Sanjana Kavish Nicole-Mae Geli Blacknell Ali Alqahtani Arivalagan Pugazhendhi The burden of group A Streptococcus (GAS) infections: The challenge continues in the twenty-first century iScience Biological sciences Health sciences Medical microbiology Medical specialty Medicine Microbiology |
| title | The burden of group A Streptococcus (GAS) infections: The challenge continues in the twenty-first century |
| title_full | The burden of group A Streptococcus (GAS) infections: The challenge continues in the twenty-first century |
| title_fullStr | The burden of group A Streptococcus (GAS) infections: The challenge continues in the twenty-first century |
| title_full_unstemmed | The burden of group A Streptococcus (GAS) infections: The challenge continues in the twenty-first century |
| title_short | The burden of group A Streptococcus (GAS) infections: The challenge continues in the twenty-first century |
| title_sort | burden of group a streptococcus gas infections the challenge continues in the twenty first century |
| topic | Biological sciences Health sciences Medical microbiology Medical specialty Medicine Microbiology |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589004224029043 |
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