Enterotype-Specific Effects of Red Beetroot (<i>Beta vulgaris</i> L.) Powder and Betanin on Human Gut Microbiota: A Preliminary Study Based on In Vitro Fecal Fermentation Model

Red beetroots, rich in betanin, may act as prebiotics and impact gut microbiota. Because the human gut microbiota is unique to each person, the effectiveness of prebiotics varies with the enterotype. In this study, we hypothesized that the effects of red beetroot powder (RP) and betanin pigment (BP)...

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Main Authors: Gwang-Pyo Ko, Hyejun Jo, Jungman Kim, Jeong Seon Kim, Kyung-Hwan Boo, Chang Sook Kim
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-10-01
Series:Life
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/14/11/1391
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author Gwang-Pyo Ko
Hyejun Jo
Jungman Kim
Jeong Seon Kim
Kyung-Hwan Boo
Chang Sook Kim
author_facet Gwang-Pyo Ko
Hyejun Jo
Jungman Kim
Jeong Seon Kim
Kyung-Hwan Boo
Chang Sook Kim
author_sort Gwang-Pyo Ko
collection DOAJ
description Red beetroots, rich in betanin, may act as prebiotics and impact gut microbiota. Because the human gut microbiota is unique to each person, the effectiveness of prebiotics varies with the enterotype. In this study, we hypothesized that the effects of red beetroot powder (RP) and betanin pigment (BP) would differ depending on the enterotype. Fecal samples from 30 subjects were analyzed and categorized into three enterotypes: <i>Phocaeicola</i>, <i>Prevotella</i>, and <i>Bifidobacterium</i>. Feces were collected from one representative subject from each enterotype cluster for fermentation. Results showed that RP and BP affected microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production differently across enterotypes. The <i>Bifidobacterium</i> cluster showed significantly reduced alpha diversity, with the direction of change in the gut microbiota composition being different from that of other subjects. Additionally, SCFAs significantly increased, with the highest increase in the <i>Bifidobacterium</i> cluster. In this cluster, metabolic pathways related to SCFAs (i.e., starch and sucrose metabolism and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis) were altered. Conversely, <i>Prevotella</i>-dominant feces exhibited fewer changes in SCFAs and a lower increase in <i>Bifidobacterium</i> abundance than the others. These findings highlight that RP and BP elicit enterotype-specific responses in the gut microbiota composition and SCFA production, emphasizing the importance of enterotypes in personalized nutrition.
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spelling doaj-art-c6faf3a3935b4af593e26e65abf78bd82024-11-26T18:10:11ZengMDPI AGLife2075-17292024-10-011411139110.3390/life14111391Enterotype-Specific Effects of Red Beetroot (<i>Beta vulgaris</i> L.) Powder and Betanin on Human Gut Microbiota: A Preliminary Study Based on In Vitro Fecal Fermentation ModelGwang-Pyo Ko0Hyejun Jo1Jungman Kim2Jeong Seon Kim3Kyung-Hwan Boo4Chang Sook Kim5Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of KoreaFaculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of KoreaSubtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of KoreaJeju Special Self-Governing Province Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Seogwipo-si 63556, Republic of KoreaFaculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of KoreaFaculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of KoreaRed beetroots, rich in betanin, may act as prebiotics and impact gut microbiota. Because the human gut microbiota is unique to each person, the effectiveness of prebiotics varies with the enterotype. In this study, we hypothesized that the effects of red beetroot powder (RP) and betanin pigment (BP) would differ depending on the enterotype. Fecal samples from 30 subjects were analyzed and categorized into three enterotypes: <i>Phocaeicola</i>, <i>Prevotella</i>, and <i>Bifidobacterium</i>. Feces were collected from one representative subject from each enterotype cluster for fermentation. Results showed that RP and BP affected microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production differently across enterotypes. The <i>Bifidobacterium</i> cluster showed significantly reduced alpha diversity, with the direction of change in the gut microbiota composition being different from that of other subjects. Additionally, SCFAs significantly increased, with the highest increase in the <i>Bifidobacterium</i> cluster. In this cluster, metabolic pathways related to SCFAs (i.e., starch and sucrose metabolism and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis) were altered. Conversely, <i>Prevotella</i>-dominant feces exhibited fewer changes in SCFAs and a lower increase in <i>Bifidobacterium</i> abundance than the others. These findings highlight that RP and BP elicit enterotype-specific responses in the gut microbiota composition and SCFA production, emphasizing the importance of enterotypes in personalized nutrition.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/14/11/1391<i>Beta vulgaris</i> L.gut microbiotaenterotypeshort-chain fatty acidpersonalized nutrition
spellingShingle Gwang-Pyo Ko
Hyejun Jo
Jungman Kim
Jeong Seon Kim
Kyung-Hwan Boo
Chang Sook Kim
Enterotype-Specific Effects of Red Beetroot (<i>Beta vulgaris</i> L.) Powder and Betanin on Human Gut Microbiota: A Preliminary Study Based on In Vitro Fecal Fermentation Model
Life
<i>Beta vulgaris</i> L.
gut microbiota
enterotype
short-chain fatty acid
personalized nutrition
title Enterotype-Specific Effects of Red Beetroot (<i>Beta vulgaris</i> L.) Powder and Betanin on Human Gut Microbiota: A Preliminary Study Based on In Vitro Fecal Fermentation Model
title_full Enterotype-Specific Effects of Red Beetroot (<i>Beta vulgaris</i> L.) Powder and Betanin on Human Gut Microbiota: A Preliminary Study Based on In Vitro Fecal Fermentation Model
title_fullStr Enterotype-Specific Effects of Red Beetroot (<i>Beta vulgaris</i> L.) Powder and Betanin on Human Gut Microbiota: A Preliminary Study Based on In Vitro Fecal Fermentation Model
title_full_unstemmed Enterotype-Specific Effects of Red Beetroot (<i>Beta vulgaris</i> L.) Powder and Betanin on Human Gut Microbiota: A Preliminary Study Based on In Vitro Fecal Fermentation Model
title_short Enterotype-Specific Effects of Red Beetroot (<i>Beta vulgaris</i> L.) Powder and Betanin on Human Gut Microbiota: A Preliminary Study Based on In Vitro Fecal Fermentation Model
title_sort enterotype specific effects of red beetroot i beta vulgaris i l powder and betanin on human gut microbiota a preliminary study based on in vitro fecal fermentation model
topic <i>Beta vulgaris</i> L.
gut microbiota
enterotype
short-chain fatty acid
personalized nutrition
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/14/11/1391
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