Use of the Micro-Agar Larval Development Test to Differentiate Resistant and Susceptible <i>Cooperia</i> spp. Isolates in Cattle Within the Context of Parasite Population Replacement
Gastrointestinal nematode infections are a global concern in grazing cattle production systems, even more so due to the widespread problem of anthelmintic resistance. In response, early anthelmintic resistance detection methods, such as the micro-agar larval development test (MALDT), and parasite ma...
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2024-10-01
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| author | Mariana Elisabet Fuentes Mercedes Lloberas Gisele Bernat Eliana Riva Milagros Junco Silvina Fernández |
| author_facet | Mariana Elisabet Fuentes Mercedes Lloberas Gisele Bernat Eliana Riva Milagros Junco Silvina Fernández |
| author_sort | Mariana Elisabet Fuentes |
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| description | Gastrointestinal nematode infections are a global concern in grazing cattle production systems, even more so due to the widespread problem of anthelmintic resistance. In response, early anthelmintic resistance detection methods, such as the micro-agar larval development test (MALDT), and parasite management strategies, such as the replacement of resistant parasite populations with susceptible ones, have been developed. This study aimed to characterize ivermectin-susceptible and -resistant isolates of <i>Cooperia</i> spp. using MALDT in the context of a parasite population replacement strategy. Three <i>Cooperia</i> spp. field isolates were evaluated: a susceptible one (<i>Coop-S</i>), a resistant one (<i>Coop-R</i>), and a post-replacement one (<i>Coop-PR</i>). The MALDT was performed in 96-well plates with 12 known concentrations of eprinomectin (EPR) on an agar base. Each test was performed in quadruplicate. Data analysis included nonlinear regression to determine EC50, EC90, and EC99 values, resistance ratios (RRs), and R<sup>2</sup>. The results showed clear differentiation between the isolates, with RR values of 5.78 and 1.28 for <i>Coop-R</i> and <i>Coop-PR</i>, respectively, compared to <i>Coop-S</i>. The MALDT proved to be a reliable tool for differentiating ivermectin-susceptible from ivermectin-resistant isolates of <i>Cooperia</i> spp., and future evaluations of this test in mixed nematode populations are recommended for routine diagnosis of anthelmintic resistance. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-c62ff9b1dae94859b85ebf63cdf7bb012024-11-26T18:16:46ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172024-10-01131195210.3390/pathogens13110952Use of the Micro-Agar Larval Development Test to Differentiate Resistant and Susceptible <i>Cooperia</i> spp. Isolates in Cattle Within the Context of Parasite Population ReplacementMariana Elisabet Fuentes0Mercedes Lloberas1Gisele Bernat2Eliana Riva3Milagros Junco4Silvina Fernández5Departamento de Sanidad Animal y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil B7000, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaInstituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS Balcarce) EEA-INTA, Balcarce B7620, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaCentro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Tandil B7000, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaDepartamento de Sanidad Animal y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil B7000, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaCentro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Tandil B7000, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaCentro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Tandil B7000, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaGastrointestinal nematode infections are a global concern in grazing cattle production systems, even more so due to the widespread problem of anthelmintic resistance. In response, early anthelmintic resistance detection methods, such as the micro-agar larval development test (MALDT), and parasite management strategies, such as the replacement of resistant parasite populations with susceptible ones, have been developed. This study aimed to characterize ivermectin-susceptible and -resistant isolates of <i>Cooperia</i> spp. using MALDT in the context of a parasite population replacement strategy. Three <i>Cooperia</i> spp. field isolates were evaluated: a susceptible one (<i>Coop-S</i>), a resistant one (<i>Coop-R</i>), and a post-replacement one (<i>Coop-PR</i>). The MALDT was performed in 96-well plates with 12 known concentrations of eprinomectin (EPR) on an agar base. Each test was performed in quadruplicate. Data analysis included nonlinear regression to determine EC50, EC90, and EC99 values, resistance ratios (RRs), and R<sup>2</sup>. The results showed clear differentiation between the isolates, with RR values of 5.78 and 1.28 for <i>Coop-R</i> and <i>Coop-PR</i>, respectively, compared to <i>Coop-S</i>. The MALDT proved to be a reliable tool for differentiating ivermectin-susceptible from ivermectin-resistant isolates of <i>Cooperia</i> spp., and future evaluations of this test in mixed nematode populations are recommended for routine diagnosis of anthelmintic resistance.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/13/11/952anthelmintic resistancemicro-agar larval development testgastrointestinal nematodes<i>Cooperia</i>cattlein vitro tests |
| spellingShingle | Mariana Elisabet Fuentes Mercedes Lloberas Gisele Bernat Eliana Riva Milagros Junco Silvina Fernández Use of the Micro-Agar Larval Development Test to Differentiate Resistant and Susceptible <i>Cooperia</i> spp. Isolates in Cattle Within the Context of Parasite Population Replacement Pathogens anthelmintic resistance micro-agar larval development test gastrointestinal nematodes <i>Cooperia</i> cattle in vitro tests |
| title | Use of the Micro-Agar Larval Development Test to Differentiate Resistant and Susceptible <i>Cooperia</i> spp. Isolates in Cattle Within the Context of Parasite Population Replacement |
| title_full | Use of the Micro-Agar Larval Development Test to Differentiate Resistant and Susceptible <i>Cooperia</i> spp. Isolates in Cattle Within the Context of Parasite Population Replacement |
| title_fullStr | Use of the Micro-Agar Larval Development Test to Differentiate Resistant and Susceptible <i>Cooperia</i> spp. Isolates in Cattle Within the Context of Parasite Population Replacement |
| title_full_unstemmed | Use of the Micro-Agar Larval Development Test to Differentiate Resistant and Susceptible <i>Cooperia</i> spp. Isolates in Cattle Within the Context of Parasite Population Replacement |
| title_short | Use of the Micro-Agar Larval Development Test to Differentiate Resistant and Susceptible <i>Cooperia</i> spp. Isolates in Cattle Within the Context of Parasite Population Replacement |
| title_sort | use of the micro agar larval development test to differentiate resistant and susceptible i cooperia i spp isolates in cattle within the context of parasite population replacement |
| topic | anthelmintic resistance micro-agar larval development test gastrointestinal nematodes <i>Cooperia</i> cattle in vitro tests |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/13/11/952 |
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