Methods of saponin purification from Quillaja sp. for vaccine adjuvant production
Saponins are natural glycosides found in many plant species; they have a hydrophobic region, consisting of a steroid or triterpenoid skeleton called an aglycone, and a hydrophilic region, consisting of sugar chains attached to the aglycone through ether or ester linkages. This combination of polar a...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Natural Products |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fntpr.2024.1524624/full |
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| author | Victor Morais Norma Suarez Fernando Silveira |
| author_facet | Victor Morais Norma Suarez Fernando Silveira |
| author_sort | Victor Morais |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Saponins are natural glycosides found in many plant species; they have a hydrophobic region, consisting of a steroid or triterpenoid skeleton called an aglycone, and a hydrophilic region, consisting of sugar chains attached to the aglycone through ether or ester linkages. This combination of polar and nonpolar elements endows saponins with soap-like behaviour in aqueous solutions. Owing to their structural characteristics, the amphiphilic nature of saponins is responsible for their foaming properties, as well as other biological functions, including their haemolytic activity. The adjuvant properties of saponins were known many years ago, but only in recent years have saponins been approved for human vaccine use in this manner. Saponins from Quillaja saponaria bark are the only source of approved preparations for human use, but a related species, Quillaja brasiliensis, also contains similar saponin compositions that can be obtained from leaves. In this work, we describe the different preparations of saponins used for adjuvants and the purification methods used to obtain each saponin. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c606822344884131999e579e79d5ea0e |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2813-2602 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Natural Products |
| spelling | doaj-art-c606822344884131999e579e79d5ea0e2025-01-07T05:24:02ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Natural Products2813-26022025-01-01310.3389/fntpr.2024.15246241524624Methods of saponin purification from Quillaja sp. for vaccine adjuvant productionVictor MoraisNorma SuarezFernando SilveiraSaponins are natural glycosides found in many plant species; they have a hydrophobic region, consisting of a steroid or triterpenoid skeleton called an aglycone, and a hydrophilic region, consisting of sugar chains attached to the aglycone through ether or ester linkages. This combination of polar and nonpolar elements endows saponins with soap-like behaviour in aqueous solutions. Owing to their structural characteristics, the amphiphilic nature of saponins is responsible for their foaming properties, as well as other biological functions, including their haemolytic activity. The adjuvant properties of saponins were known many years ago, but only in recent years have saponins been approved for human vaccine use in this manner. Saponins from Quillaja saponaria bark are the only source of approved preparations for human use, but a related species, Quillaja brasiliensis, also contains similar saponin compositions that can be obtained from leaves. In this work, we describe the different preparations of saponins used for adjuvants and the purification methods used to obtain each saponin.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fntpr.2024.1524624/fullQuillaja saponariaQuillaja brasiliensissaponinadjuvantnanoparticleQS-21 |
| spellingShingle | Victor Morais Norma Suarez Fernando Silveira Methods of saponin purification from Quillaja sp. for vaccine adjuvant production Frontiers in Natural Products Quillaja saponaria Quillaja brasiliensis saponin adjuvant nanoparticle QS-21 |
| title | Methods of saponin purification from Quillaja sp. for vaccine adjuvant production |
| title_full | Methods of saponin purification from Quillaja sp. for vaccine adjuvant production |
| title_fullStr | Methods of saponin purification from Quillaja sp. for vaccine adjuvant production |
| title_full_unstemmed | Methods of saponin purification from Quillaja sp. for vaccine adjuvant production |
| title_short | Methods of saponin purification from Quillaja sp. for vaccine adjuvant production |
| title_sort | methods of saponin purification from quillaja sp for vaccine adjuvant production |
| topic | Quillaja saponaria Quillaja brasiliensis saponin adjuvant nanoparticle QS-21 |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fntpr.2024.1524624/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT victormorais methodsofsaponinpurificationfromquillajaspforvaccineadjuvantproduction AT normasuarez methodsofsaponinpurificationfromquillajaspforvaccineadjuvantproduction AT fernandosilveira methodsofsaponinpurificationfromquillajaspforvaccineadjuvantproduction |