Imprint Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging (IDESI-MSI) Reveals Absorption of Triclopyr-Based Herbicide in Plants and Mouse Organs
Background: Understanding the absorption and distribution of herbicides in plants and animal tissues is essential for assessing their potential risks to human health. Method: In this study, we employed imprint desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (IDESI-MSI) to visualize in b...
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2025-06-01
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| Series: | Metabolites |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/15/7/437 |
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| author | Hanzhi Liu Yunshuo Tian Ruolun Wei Yifan Meng Richard N. Zare |
| author_facet | Hanzhi Liu Yunshuo Tian Ruolun Wei Yifan Meng Richard N. Zare |
| author_sort | Hanzhi Liu |
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| description | Background: Understanding the absorption and distribution of herbicides in plants and animal tissues is essential for assessing their potential risks to human health. Method: In this study, we employed imprint desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (IDESI-MSI) to visualize in both vegetable and animal tissues the absorption of Roundup which is a widely used herbicide. Results: Using IDESI-MSI with a pixel size of 150 µm, we detected the herbicide alongside several endogenous metabolites on oil-absorbing films applied to carrot sections. Time-course experiments revealed progressive herbicide penetration into carrot tissue, with penetration depth increasing linearly over time at a rate of approximately 0.25 mm/h. In contrast, green pepper samples showed minimal herbicide infiltration, likely owing to their hydrophobic cuticle barrier. Additionally, mice fed with herbicide-treated carrots exhibited detectable levels of herbicide in liver and kidney tissues. Conclusions: These findings highlight the utility of IDESI-MSI as a powerful analytical platform for the rapid evaluation of chemical migration and absorption in food and biological systems, with important implications for food safety and toxicological research. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c5d66ffe4a634bd48a46fd8fb63c37a3 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2218-1989 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Metabolites |
| spelling | doaj-art-c5d66ffe4a634bd48a46fd8fb63c37a32025-08-20T03:58:26ZengMDPI AGMetabolites2218-19892025-06-0115743710.3390/metabo15070437Imprint Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging (IDESI-MSI) Reveals Absorption of Triclopyr-Based Herbicide in Plants and Mouse OrgansHanzhi Liu0Yunshuo Tian1Ruolun Wei2Yifan Meng3Richard N. Zare4College of Letters and Science, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USACollege of Letters and Science, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USADepartment of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USADepartment of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USADepartment of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USABackground: Understanding the absorption and distribution of herbicides in plants and animal tissues is essential for assessing their potential risks to human health. Method: In this study, we employed imprint desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (IDESI-MSI) to visualize in both vegetable and animal tissues the absorption of Roundup which is a widely used herbicide. Results: Using IDESI-MSI with a pixel size of 150 µm, we detected the herbicide alongside several endogenous metabolites on oil-absorbing films applied to carrot sections. Time-course experiments revealed progressive herbicide penetration into carrot tissue, with penetration depth increasing linearly over time at a rate of approximately 0.25 mm/h. In contrast, green pepper samples showed minimal herbicide infiltration, likely owing to their hydrophobic cuticle barrier. Additionally, mice fed with herbicide-treated carrots exhibited detectable levels of herbicide in liver and kidney tissues. Conclusions: These findings highlight the utility of IDESI-MSI as a powerful analytical platform for the rapid evaluation of chemical migration and absorption in food and biological systems, with important implications for food safety and toxicological research.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/15/7/437imprint desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imagingoil-absorbing filmherbicide accumulation |
| spellingShingle | Hanzhi Liu Yunshuo Tian Ruolun Wei Yifan Meng Richard N. Zare Imprint Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging (IDESI-MSI) Reveals Absorption of Triclopyr-Based Herbicide in Plants and Mouse Organs Metabolites imprint desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging oil-absorbing film herbicide accumulation |
| title | Imprint Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging (IDESI-MSI) Reveals Absorption of Triclopyr-Based Herbicide in Plants and Mouse Organs |
| title_full | Imprint Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging (IDESI-MSI) Reveals Absorption of Triclopyr-Based Herbicide in Plants and Mouse Organs |
| title_fullStr | Imprint Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging (IDESI-MSI) Reveals Absorption of Triclopyr-Based Herbicide in Plants and Mouse Organs |
| title_full_unstemmed | Imprint Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging (IDESI-MSI) Reveals Absorption of Triclopyr-Based Herbicide in Plants and Mouse Organs |
| title_short | Imprint Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging (IDESI-MSI) Reveals Absorption of Triclopyr-Based Herbicide in Plants and Mouse Organs |
| title_sort | imprint desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging idesi msi reveals absorption of triclopyr based herbicide in plants and mouse organs |
| topic | imprint desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging oil-absorbing film herbicide accumulation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/15/7/437 |
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