Effects of Subacute Ammonia Nitrogen Stress on the Growth, Antioxidant Capability, and Immunity of Blunt Snout Bream (<i>Megalobrama amblycephala</i>) Juveniles
To investigate the effects of subacute ammonia nitrogen stress on the growth, antioxidant capacity, and innate immunity of juvenile blunt snout bream (<i>Megalobrama ambrycyphala</i>), a sample of fish (average body weight 6.55 ± 0.24 g) was divided into three groups: a control group (G1...
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2024-12-01
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| author | Xiangyang Yuan Qian Wang Mengyang Dai Xinyu Xiong Hengjie Wang Canli Wang |
| author_facet | Xiangyang Yuan Qian Wang Mengyang Dai Xinyu Xiong Hengjie Wang Canli Wang |
| author_sort | Xiangyang Yuan |
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| description | To investigate the effects of subacute ammonia nitrogen stress on the growth, antioxidant capacity, and innate immunity of juvenile blunt snout bream (<i>Megalobrama ambrycyphala</i>), a sample of fish (average body weight 6.55 ± 0.24 g) was divided into three groups: a control group (G1), a 10% LC<sub>50</sub> ammonia nitrogen stress group (G2), and a 20% LC<sub>50</sub> ammonia nitrogen stress group (G3). The fish in G1 were reared in tap water with aeration. The fish in G2 were reared in water with 6.82 mg/L ammonium chloride at 10% LC<sub>50</sub>. The fish in G3 were reared in water with 13.64 mg/L ammonium chloride at 20% LC<sub>50</sub>. The feeding period was 4 weeks. Then, the growth, antioxidant, and immune response parameters of the fish were analyzed. The results showed that the median lethal concentration (LC<sub>50</sub>) of the ammonia nitrogen solution for blunt snout bream juveniles at 96 h was 68.18 mg/L. The final body weight, weight gain rate, specific growth rate (SGR), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), albumin, globulin, acid phosphatase (ACP), and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) of fish in the stress groups were significantly lower than in the control group (<i>p</i> < 0.05); however, the MDA content of fish in the control group was significantly lower than that of those in the stress groups (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Furthermore, the relative expression levels of the <i>GHRa</i>, <i>GHRb</i>, <i>IGF1</i>, and <i>IGF2</i> genes in the muscles of fish in the stress groups were significantly downregulated compared to the control group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The relative expression levels of the <i>SOD</i>, <i>CAT</i>, <i>Leap1</i>, and <i>Leap2</i> genes in the liver of fish in the stress groups were significantly lower than those in fish in the control group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In conclusion, subacute ammonia nitrogen stress inhibited growth performance and decreased the antioxidant capacity and immunity of blunt snout bream. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-c5cab2bb8d9e4ee7ac6d8d698f3b25492024-12-27T14:25:57ZengMDPI AGFishes2410-38882024-12-0191250210.3390/fishes9120502Effects of Subacute Ammonia Nitrogen Stress on the Growth, Antioxidant Capability, and Immunity of Blunt Snout Bream (<i>Megalobrama amblycephala</i>) JuvenilesXiangyang Yuan0Qian Wang1Mengyang Dai2Xinyu Xiong3Hengjie Wang4Canli Wang5School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an 223003, ChinaSchool of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an 223003, ChinaSchool of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an 223003, ChinaSchool of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an 223003, ChinaSchool of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an 223003, ChinaSchool of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an 223003, ChinaTo investigate the effects of subacute ammonia nitrogen stress on the growth, antioxidant capacity, and innate immunity of juvenile blunt snout bream (<i>Megalobrama ambrycyphala</i>), a sample of fish (average body weight 6.55 ± 0.24 g) was divided into three groups: a control group (G1), a 10% LC<sub>50</sub> ammonia nitrogen stress group (G2), and a 20% LC<sub>50</sub> ammonia nitrogen stress group (G3). The fish in G1 were reared in tap water with aeration. The fish in G2 were reared in water with 6.82 mg/L ammonium chloride at 10% LC<sub>50</sub>. The fish in G3 were reared in water with 13.64 mg/L ammonium chloride at 20% LC<sub>50</sub>. The feeding period was 4 weeks. Then, the growth, antioxidant, and immune response parameters of the fish were analyzed. The results showed that the median lethal concentration (LC<sub>50</sub>) of the ammonia nitrogen solution for blunt snout bream juveniles at 96 h was 68.18 mg/L. The final body weight, weight gain rate, specific growth rate (SGR), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), albumin, globulin, acid phosphatase (ACP), and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) of fish in the stress groups were significantly lower than in the control group (<i>p</i> < 0.05); however, the MDA content of fish in the control group was significantly lower than that of those in the stress groups (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Furthermore, the relative expression levels of the <i>GHRa</i>, <i>GHRb</i>, <i>IGF1</i>, and <i>IGF2</i> genes in the muscles of fish in the stress groups were significantly downregulated compared to the control group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The relative expression levels of the <i>SOD</i>, <i>CAT</i>, <i>Leap1</i>, and <i>Leap2</i> genes in the liver of fish in the stress groups were significantly lower than those in fish in the control group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In conclusion, subacute ammonia nitrogen stress inhibited growth performance and decreased the antioxidant capacity and immunity of blunt snout bream.https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/502subacute ammonia nitrogen stressgrowthantioxidant capacityimmunity<i>Megalobrama amblycephala</i> |
| spellingShingle | Xiangyang Yuan Qian Wang Mengyang Dai Xinyu Xiong Hengjie Wang Canli Wang Effects of Subacute Ammonia Nitrogen Stress on the Growth, Antioxidant Capability, and Immunity of Blunt Snout Bream (<i>Megalobrama amblycephala</i>) Juveniles Fishes subacute ammonia nitrogen stress growth antioxidant capacity immunity <i>Megalobrama amblycephala</i> |
| title | Effects of Subacute Ammonia Nitrogen Stress on the Growth, Antioxidant Capability, and Immunity of Blunt Snout Bream (<i>Megalobrama amblycephala</i>) Juveniles |
| title_full | Effects of Subacute Ammonia Nitrogen Stress on the Growth, Antioxidant Capability, and Immunity of Blunt Snout Bream (<i>Megalobrama amblycephala</i>) Juveniles |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Subacute Ammonia Nitrogen Stress on the Growth, Antioxidant Capability, and Immunity of Blunt Snout Bream (<i>Megalobrama amblycephala</i>) Juveniles |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Subacute Ammonia Nitrogen Stress on the Growth, Antioxidant Capability, and Immunity of Blunt Snout Bream (<i>Megalobrama amblycephala</i>) Juveniles |
| title_short | Effects of Subacute Ammonia Nitrogen Stress on the Growth, Antioxidant Capability, and Immunity of Blunt Snout Bream (<i>Megalobrama amblycephala</i>) Juveniles |
| title_sort | effects of subacute ammonia nitrogen stress on the growth antioxidant capability and immunity of blunt snout bream i megalobrama amblycephala i juveniles |
| topic | subacute ammonia nitrogen stress growth antioxidant capacity immunity <i>Megalobrama amblycephala</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/502 |
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