Epidemiology and Molecular Characterisation of Multidrug-Resistant <i>Escherichia coli</i> Isolated from Cow Milk
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global concern and poses a significant threat to public health. The emergence of multidrug-resistant organisms, including <i>Escherichia coli</i>, also presents a risk of transmission to humans through the food chain, including milk. This study...
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MDPI AG
2024-11-01
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| Series: | Veterinary Sciences |
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| author | Zarin Tasnim Mim Chandan Nath Abdullah Al Sattar Rijwana Rashid Mehedy Hasan Abir Shahneaz Ali Khan Md Abul Kalam Shahanaj Shano Rowland Cobbold John I. Alawneh Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan |
| author_facet | Zarin Tasnim Mim Chandan Nath Abdullah Al Sattar Rijwana Rashid Mehedy Hasan Abir Shahneaz Ali Khan Md Abul Kalam Shahanaj Shano Rowland Cobbold John I. Alawneh Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan |
| author_sort | Zarin Tasnim Mim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global concern and poses a significant threat to public health. The emergence of multidrug-resistant organisms, including <i>Escherichia coli</i>, also presents a risk of transmission to humans through the food chain, including milk. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of <i>E. coli</i> in raw milk in the Chattogram metropolitan area (CMA) of Bangladesh and their phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance patterns. A total of 450 raw cow milk samples were collected from 18 farms within the CMA. The isolation and identification of <i>E. coli</i> were performed following standard bacteriological methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was conducted using the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method. Molecular detection of <i>E. coli</i> and antimicrobial resistance genes was performed using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). This study found 134 (29.77%) milk samples that tested positive for <i>E. coli</i>. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) revealed the highest resistance rates (69.40%) to be for ampicillin, amoxicillin–clavulanic acid, cephalothin, and cephalexin, with the lowest resistance (21.64%) being for norfloxacin. A significant correlation (<i>r</i> = 1) was observed between ciprofloxacin and ceftazidime resistance among the antimicrobials tested. All <i>E. coli</i> isolates were classified as multidrug-resistant (MDR), being resistant to three or more antimicrobial classes, with a multiple resistance index >0.2. PCR amplification showed that the <i>bla</i><sub>TEM</sub> gene had the highest prevalence (74.19%) among the ESBL and antimicrobial resistance genes tested. In contrast, the <i>bla</i><sub>CMY-1</sub> gene had a lower prevalence (6.45%) among the ESBL genes, while the <i>tet</i>D gene had the lowest prevalence (2.9%) among the resistance genes tested. Positive correlations were observed between antimicrobial resistance and the presence of these resistance genes. This study emphasises the high prevalence of MDR <i>E. coli</i> in raw cow milk and its significant potential impact on public health. It underscores the urgent need for strategic interventions to effectively manage and mitigate AMR in the Bangladeshi dairy sector, focusing on the prudent use of antimicrobials and implementing enhanced AMR surveillance. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c5ac6b139cd64fdf9eb92f8ea791cfc8 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2306-7381 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Veterinary Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-c5ac6b139cd64fdf9eb92f8ea791cfc82024-12-27T14:58:32ZengMDPI AGVeterinary Sciences2306-73812024-11-01111260910.3390/vetsci11120609Epidemiology and Molecular Characterisation of Multidrug-Resistant <i>Escherichia coli</i> Isolated from Cow MilkZarin Tasnim Mim0Chandan Nath1Abdullah Al Sattar2Rijwana Rashid3Mehedy Hasan Abir4Shahneaz Ali Khan5Md Abul Kalam6Shahanaj Shano7Rowland Cobbold8John I. Alawneh9Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan10Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram 4225, BangladeshFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram 4225, BangladeshSchool of Psychology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2350, AustraliaFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram 4225, BangladeshFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram 4225, BangladeshFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram 4225, BangladeshGlobal Health and Development Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USAGlobal Health and Development Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USAFaculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, East Lismore, NSW 2480, AustraliaPlant Biosecurity and Product Integrity, Biosecurity Queensland, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Brisbane, QLD 4000, AustraliaFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram 4225, BangladeshAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global concern and poses a significant threat to public health. The emergence of multidrug-resistant organisms, including <i>Escherichia coli</i>, also presents a risk of transmission to humans through the food chain, including milk. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of <i>E. coli</i> in raw milk in the Chattogram metropolitan area (CMA) of Bangladesh and their phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance patterns. A total of 450 raw cow milk samples were collected from 18 farms within the CMA. The isolation and identification of <i>E. coli</i> were performed following standard bacteriological methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was conducted using the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method. Molecular detection of <i>E. coli</i> and antimicrobial resistance genes was performed using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). This study found 134 (29.77%) milk samples that tested positive for <i>E. coli</i>. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) revealed the highest resistance rates (69.40%) to be for ampicillin, amoxicillin–clavulanic acid, cephalothin, and cephalexin, with the lowest resistance (21.64%) being for norfloxacin. A significant correlation (<i>r</i> = 1) was observed between ciprofloxacin and ceftazidime resistance among the antimicrobials tested. All <i>E. coli</i> isolates were classified as multidrug-resistant (MDR), being resistant to three or more antimicrobial classes, with a multiple resistance index >0.2. PCR amplification showed that the <i>bla</i><sub>TEM</sub> gene had the highest prevalence (74.19%) among the ESBL and antimicrobial resistance genes tested. In contrast, the <i>bla</i><sub>CMY-1</sub> gene had a lower prevalence (6.45%) among the ESBL genes, while the <i>tet</i>D gene had the lowest prevalence (2.9%) among the resistance genes tested. Positive correlations were observed between antimicrobial resistance and the presence of these resistance genes. This study emphasises the high prevalence of MDR <i>E. coli</i> in raw cow milk and its significant potential impact on public health. It underscores the urgent need for strategic interventions to effectively manage and mitigate AMR in the Bangladeshi dairy sector, focusing on the prudent use of antimicrobials and implementing enhanced AMR surveillance.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/11/12/609raw cow milk<i>E. coli</i>antimicrobial resistancemultidrug resistancepublic health |
| spellingShingle | Zarin Tasnim Mim Chandan Nath Abdullah Al Sattar Rijwana Rashid Mehedy Hasan Abir Shahneaz Ali Khan Md Abul Kalam Shahanaj Shano Rowland Cobbold John I. Alawneh Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan Epidemiology and Molecular Characterisation of Multidrug-Resistant <i>Escherichia coli</i> Isolated from Cow Milk Veterinary Sciences raw cow milk <i>E. coli</i> antimicrobial resistance multidrug resistance public health |
| title | Epidemiology and Molecular Characterisation of Multidrug-Resistant <i>Escherichia coli</i> Isolated from Cow Milk |
| title_full | Epidemiology and Molecular Characterisation of Multidrug-Resistant <i>Escherichia coli</i> Isolated from Cow Milk |
| title_fullStr | Epidemiology and Molecular Characterisation of Multidrug-Resistant <i>Escherichia coli</i> Isolated from Cow Milk |
| title_full_unstemmed | Epidemiology and Molecular Characterisation of Multidrug-Resistant <i>Escherichia coli</i> Isolated from Cow Milk |
| title_short | Epidemiology and Molecular Characterisation of Multidrug-Resistant <i>Escherichia coli</i> Isolated from Cow Milk |
| title_sort | epidemiology and molecular characterisation of multidrug resistant i escherichia coli i isolated from cow milk |
| topic | raw cow milk <i>E. coli</i> antimicrobial resistance multidrug resistance public health |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/11/12/609 |
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