Multi-environment and multi-parameter screening of stability and coating efficiency of gold nanoparticle bioconjugates in application media
Abstract Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and their biocompatible conjugates find wide use as transducers in (bio)sensors and as Nano-pharmaceutics. The study of the interaction between AuNPs and proteins in representative application media helps to better understand their intrinsic behaviors. A multi-env...
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Nature Portfolio
2024-12-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-73624-0 |
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| author | Junjie Wang Stefano Giordani Valentina Marassi Anna Placci Barbara Roda Pierluigi Reschiglian Andrea Zattoni |
| author_facet | Junjie Wang Stefano Giordani Valentina Marassi Anna Placci Barbara Roda Pierluigi Reschiglian Andrea Zattoni |
| author_sort | Junjie Wang |
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| description | Abstract Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and their biocompatible conjugates find wide use as transducers in (bio)sensors and as Nano-pharmaceutics. The study of the interaction between AuNPs and proteins in representative application media helps to better understand their intrinsic behaviors. A multi-environment, multi-parameter screening strategy is proposed based on asymmetric flow field flow fractionation (AF4)-multidetector. Citrate-coated AuNPs ( AuCIT, 25.1 ± 0.2 nm) and PEG-coated AuNPs (AuPEG, 38.3 ± 0.8 nm) were employed with albumin as a model system. Attention was put in investigating the influence of Au/BSA mass ratios, that allowed to identify the yield-maximizing (1:1) and product-maximizing (2.5:1) conditions for the generation of AuNPs-protein conjugates. Furthermore, bioconjugate properties were thoroughly assessed across various saline media with different pH and ionic strengths. While AuNPs with PEG coating exhibit greater stability at high salinities, such as 30 mM, their conjugates are less stable over time. In contrast, although bare AuNPs are significantly affected by pH and salt concentration, once conjugates are formed, their stability surpasses that of the conjugates formed with AuPEG. The developed methodology can fill the vacancy of standard reference quality control (QC) procedures for bioconjugate synthesis and application in (bio)sensors and Nano-pharmaceutics, screening in a short time many combinations, easily scaling up to the semi-preparative scale or translating to different bioconjugates. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c5a18539ee1b4adcb724595be27c13d8 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-c5a18539ee1b4adcb724595be27c13d82025-01-05T12:25:43ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222024-12-0114111110.1038/s41598-024-73624-0Multi-environment and multi-parameter screening of stability and coating efficiency of gold nanoparticle bioconjugates in application mediaJunjie Wang0Stefano Giordani1Valentina Marassi2Anna Placci3Barbara Roda4Pierluigi Reschiglian5Andrea Zattoni6Department of Chemistry G. Ciamician, University of BolognaDepartment of Chemistry G. Ciamician, University of BolognaDepartment of Chemistry G. Ciamician, University of BolognaDepartment of Chemistry G. Ciamician, University of BolognaDepartment of Chemistry G. Ciamician, University of BolognaDepartment of Chemistry G. Ciamician, University of BolognaDepartment of Chemistry G. Ciamician, University of BolognaAbstract Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and their biocompatible conjugates find wide use as transducers in (bio)sensors and as Nano-pharmaceutics. The study of the interaction between AuNPs and proteins in representative application media helps to better understand their intrinsic behaviors. A multi-environment, multi-parameter screening strategy is proposed based on asymmetric flow field flow fractionation (AF4)-multidetector. Citrate-coated AuNPs ( AuCIT, 25.1 ± 0.2 nm) and PEG-coated AuNPs (AuPEG, 38.3 ± 0.8 nm) were employed with albumin as a model system. Attention was put in investigating the influence of Au/BSA mass ratios, that allowed to identify the yield-maximizing (1:1) and product-maximizing (2.5:1) conditions for the generation of AuNPs-protein conjugates. Furthermore, bioconjugate properties were thoroughly assessed across various saline media with different pH and ionic strengths. While AuNPs with PEG coating exhibit greater stability at high salinities, such as 30 mM, their conjugates are less stable over time. In contrast, although bare AuNPs are significantly affected by pH and salt concentration, once conjugates are formed, their stability surpasses that of the conjugates formed with AuPEG. The developed methodology can fill the vacancy of standard reference quality control (QC) procedures for bioconjugate synthesis and application in (bio)sensors and Nano-pharmaceutics, screening in a short time many combinations, easily scaling up to the semi-preparative scale or translating to different bioconjugates.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-73624-0Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)Asymmetric flow field flow fractionation (AF4)BioconjugatesMulti-environment and multi-parameter screening strategy |
| spellingShingle | Junjie Wang Stefano Giordani Valentina Marassi Anna Placci Barbara Roda Pierluigi Reschiglian Andrea Zattoni Multi-environment and multi-parameter screening of stability and coating efficiency of gold nanoparticle bioconjugates in application media Scientific Reports Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) Asymmetric flow field flow fractionation (AF4) Bioconjugates Multi-environment and multi-parameter screening strategy |
| title | Multi-environment and multi-parameter screening of stability and coating efficiency of gold nanoparticle bioconjugates in application media |
| title_full | Multi-environment and multi-parameter screening of stability and coating efficiency of gold nanoparticle bioconjugates in application media |
| title_fullStr | Multi-environment and multi-parameter screening of stability and coating efficiency of gold nanoparticle bioconjugates in application media |
| title_full_unstemmed | Multi-environment and multi-parameter screening of stability and coating efficiency of gold nanoparticle bioconjugates in application media |
| title_short | Multi-environment and multi-parameter screening of stability and coating efficiency of gold nanoparticle bioconjugates in application media |
| title_sort | multi environment and multi parameter screening of stability and coating efficiency of gold nanoparticle bioconjugates in application media |
| topic | Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) Asymmetric flow field flow fractionation (AF4) Bioconjugates Multi-environment and multi-parameter screening strategy |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-73624-0 |
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