Large‐Scale Bottom‐Up Fabricated 3D Nonlinear Photonic Crystals

Nonlinear optical effects are used to generate coherent light at wavelengths difficult to reach with lasers. Materials periodically poled or nanostructured in the nonlinear susceptibility in three spatial directions are called 3D nonlinear photonic crystals (NPhCs). They enable enhanced nonlinear op...

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Main Authors: Viola Valentina Vogler‐Neuling, Ülle‐Linda Talts, Rebecca Ferraro, Helena Weigand, Giovanni Finco, Joel Winiger, Peter Benedek, Justine Kusch, Artemios Karvounis, Vanessa Wood, Jürg Leuthold, Rachel Grange
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley-VCH 2024-12-01
Series:Advanced Photonics Research
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/adpr.202400058
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author Viola Valentina Vogler‐Neuling
Ülle‐Linda Talts
Rebecca Ferraro
Helena Weigand
Giovanni Finco
Joel Winiger
Peter Benedek
Justine Kusch
Artemios Karvounis
Vanessa Wood
Jürg Leuthold
Rachel Grange
author_facet Viola Valentina Vogler‐Neuling
Ülle‐Linda Talts
Rebecca Ferraro
Helena Weigand
Giovanni Finco
Joel Winiger
Peter Benedek
Justine Kusch
Artemios Karvounis
Vanessa Wood
Jürg Leuthold
Rachel Grange
author_sort Viola Valentina Vogler‐Neuling
collection DOAJ
description Nonlinear optical effects are used to generate coherent light at wavelengths difficult to reach with lasers. Materials periodically poled or nanostructured in the nonlinear susceptibility in three spatial directions are called 3D nonlinear photonic crystals (NPhCs). They enable enhanced nonlinear optical conversion efficiencies, emission control, and simultaneous generation of nonlinear wavelengths. The chemical inertness of efficient second‐order nonlinear materials (χ(2)) prohibits their nanofabrication until 2018. The current methods are restricted to top‐down laser‐based techniques limiting the periodicity along the z‐axis to 10 μm. The first bottom‐up fabricated 3D NPhC is demonstrated in sol–gel‐derived barium titanate by soft‐nanoimprint lithography: a woodpile with eight layers and periodicities of 1 μm (xy‐plane) and 300   nm (z‐plane). The surface areas exceed 5.3×104 μm2, which is two orders of magnitude larger than the state‐of‐the‐art. This study is expected to initiate bottom‐up fabrication of 3D NPhCs with a supremely strong and versatile nonlinear response.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2699-9293
language English
publishDate 2024-12-01
publisher Wiley-VCH
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series Advanced Photonics Research
spelling doaj-art-c56a5781fe434d42ac77e4c595da75f52024-12-05T19:13:36ZengWiley-VCHAdvanced Photonics Research2699-92932024-12-01512n/an/a10.1002/adpr.202400058Large‐Scale Bottom‐Up Fabricated 3D Nonlinear Photonic CrystalsViola Valentina Vogler‐Neuling0Ülle‐Linda Talts1Rebecca Ferraro2Helena Weigand3Giovanni Finco4Joel Winiger5Peter Benedek6Justine Kusch7Artemios Karvounis8Vanessa Wood9Jürg Leuthold10Rachel Grange11Department of Physics, Optical Nanomaterial Group Institute for Quantum Electronics ETH Zurich Auguste‐Piccard‐Hof 1 Zurich CH‐8093 SwitzerlandDepartment of Physics, Optical Nanomaterial Group Institute for Quantum Electronics ETH Zurich Auguste‐Piccard‐Hof 1 Zurich CH‐8093 SwitzerlandDepartment of Physics, Optical Nanomaterial Group Institute for Quantum Electronics ETH Zurich Auguste‐Piccard‐Hof 1 Zurich CH‐8093 SwitzerlandDepartment of Physics, Optical Nanomaterial Group Institute for Quantum Electronics ETH Zurich Auguste‐Piccard‐Hof 1 Zurich CH‐8093 SwitzerlandDepartment of Physics, Optical Nanomaterial Group Institute for Quantum Electronics ETH Zurich Auguste‐Piccard‐Hof 1 Zurich CH‐8093 SwitzerlandDepartment of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering Institute for Electromagnetic Fields ETH Zurich ETZ K 81 Gloriastrasse 35 Zurich CH‐8092 SwitzerlandDepartment of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering Institute for Electronics ETH Zurich ETZ H 96 Gloriastrasse 35 Zurich CH‐8092 SwitzerlandETH Zurich ScopeM HPM C 52.1 Otto‐Stern‐Weg 3 Zurich CH‐8093 SwitzerlandDepartment of Physics, Optical Nanomaterial Group Institute for Quantum Electronics ETH Zurich Auguste‐Piccard‐Hof 1 Zurich CH‐8093 SwitzerlandDepartment of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering Institute for Electronics ETH Zurich ETZ H 96 Gloriastrasse 35 Zurich CH‐8092 SwitzerlandDepartment of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering Institute for Electromagnetic Fields ETH Zurich ETZ K 81 Gloriastrasse 35 Zurich CH‐8092 SwitzerlandDepartment of Physics, Optical Nanomaterial Group Institute for Quantum Electronics ETH Zurich Auguste‐Piccard‐Hof 1 Zurich CH‐8093 SwitzerlandNonlinear optical effects are used to generate coherent light at wavelengths difficult to reach with lasers. Materials periodically poled or nanostructured in the nonlinear susceptibility in three spatial directions are called 3D nonlinear photonic crystals (NPhCs). They enable enhanced nonlinear optical conversion efficiencies, emission control, and simultaneous generation of nonlinear wavelengths. The chemical inertness of efficient second‐order nonlinear materials (χ(2)) prohibits their nanofabrication until 2018. The current methods are restricted to top‐down laser‐based techniques limiting the periodicity along the z‐axis to 10 μm. The first bottom‐up fabricated 3D NPhC is demonstrated in sol–gel‐derived barium titanate by soft‐nanoimprint lithography: a woodpile with eight layers and periodicities of 1 μm (xy‐plane) and 300   nm (z‐plane). The surface areas exceed 5.3×104 μm2, which is two orders of magnitude larger than the state‐of‐the‐art. This study is expected to initiate bottom‐up fabrication of 3D NPhCs with a supremely strong and versatile nonlinear response.https://doi.org/10.1002/adpr.2024000583D nonlinear photonic crystalsbarium titanatebottom‐up fabricationnonlinear opticssol–gel chemistry
spellingShingle Viola Valentina Vogler‐Neuling
Ülle‐Linda Talts
Rebecca Ferraro
Helena Weigand
Giovanni Finco
Joel Winiger
Peter Benedek
Justine Kusch
Artemios Karvounis
Vanessa Wood
Jürg Leuthold
Rachel Grange
Large‐Scale Bottom‐Up Fabricated 3D Nonlinear Photonic Crystals
Advanced Photonics Research
3D nonlinear photonic crystals
barium titanate
bottom‐up fabrication
nonlinear optics
sol–gel chemistry
title Large‐Scale Bottom‐Up Fabricated 3D Nonlinear Photonic Crystals
title_full Large‐Scale Bottom‐Up Fabricated 3D Nonlinear Photonic Crystals
title_fullStr Large‐Scale Bottom‐Up Fabricated 3D Nonlinear Photonic Crystals
title_full_unstemmed Large‐Scale Bottom‐Up Fabricated 3D Nonlinear Photonic Crystals
title_short Large‐Scale Bottom‐Up Fabricated 3D Nonlinear Photonic Crystals
title_sort large scale bottom up fabricated 3d nonlinear photonic crystals
topic 3D nonlinear photonic crystals
barium titanate
bottom‐up fabrication
nonlinear optics
sol–gel chemistry
url https://doi.org/10.1002/adpr.202400058
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