Direct contact condensation of two-phase ammonia in the co-current subcooled liquid flow at the low mass fluxes
The paper presents a brief sensitivity study of direct contact condensation in the co-current flow of subcooled anhydrous ammonia. Two nozzles with inner diameters of 1.4 mm and 2.5 mm were tested under various conditions, including saturation pressures ranging from 11.7 to 23.1 bar, vapour qualitie...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-10-01
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| Series: | Case Studies in Thermal Engineering |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214157X25011827 |
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| author | Vasyl Ruzaikin Ivan Lukashov Andrii Breus Olena Torosian |
| author_facet | Vasyl Ruzaikin Ivan Lukashov Andrii Breus Olena Torosian |
| author_sort | Vasyl Ruzaikin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The paper presents a brief sensitivity study of direct contact condensation in the co-current flow of subcooled anhydrous ammonia. Two nozzles with inner diameters of 1.4 mm and 2.5 mm were tested under various conditions, including saturation pressures ranging from 11.7 to 23.1 bar, vapour qualities from 0.2 to 1.0, and vapour mass fluxes between 450 and 1300 kg m−2s−1. The condensation process was visually examined in a transparent tube with an inner diameter of 7.5 mm. The observed condensation front enabled the determination of average plume length under different boundary conditions and the estimation of conservative condensation heat transfer coefficients. The results indicate that existing models and correlations—primarily developed from steam-water experiments—fail to adequately predict ammonia condensation behaviour, both qualitatively and quantitatively. This comparison highlights the need for a robust phenomenological theory of the direct contact condensation mechanism. The study identifies the vapour Reynolds number as the primary factor influencing ammonia condensation intensity. A new phenomenological correlation is proposed, adequately capturing the experimental data within a ±30 % margin. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c52238d852c24d05934a1b1210236588 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2214-157X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-10-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Case Studies in Thermal Engineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-c52238d852c24d05934a1b12102365882025-08-24T05:12:44ZengElsevierCase Studies in Thermal Engineering2214-157X2025-10-017410692210.1016/j.csite.2025.106922Direct contact condensation of two-phase ammonia in the co-current subcooled liquid flow at the low mass fluxesVasyl Ruzaikin0Ivan Lukashov1Andrii Breus2Olena Torosian3Corresponding author.; National Aerospace University “KhAI”, 17 Vadim Manko str., Kharkiv, 61070, UkraineNational Aerospace University “KhAI”, 17 Vadim Manko str., Kharkiv, 61070, UkraineNational Aerospace University “KhAI”, 17 Vadim Manko str., Kharkiv, 61070, UkraineNational Aerospace University “KhAI”, 17 Vadim Manko str., Kharkiv, 61070, UkraineThe paper presents a brief sensitivity study of direct contact condensation in the co-current flow of subcooled anhydrous ammonia. Two nozzles with inner diameters of 1.4 mm and 2.5 mm were tested under various conditions, including saturation pressures ranging from 11.7 to 23.1 bar, vapour qualities from 0.2 to 1.0, and vapour mass fluxes between 450 and 1300 kg m−2s−1. The condensation process was visually examined in a transparent tube with an inner diameter of 7.5 mm. The observed condensation front enabled the determination of average plume length under different boundary conditions and the estimation of conservative condensation heat transfer coefficients. The results indicate that existing models and correlations—primarily developed from steam-water experiments—fail to adequately predict ammonia condensation behaviour, both qualitatively and quantitatively. This comparison highlights the need for a robust phenomenological theory of the direct contact condensation mechanism. The study identifies the vapour Reynolds number as the primary factor influencing ammonia condensation intensity. A new phenomenological correlation is proposed, adequately capturing the experimental data within a ±30 % margin.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214157X25011827AmmoniaDirect condensationCircular channelCo-current flowTwo-phase flow |
| spellingShingle | Vasyl Ruzaikin Ivan Lukashov Andrii Breus Olena Torosian Direct contact condensation of two-phase ammonia in the co-current subcooled liquid flow at the low mass fluxes Case Studies in Thermal Engineering Ammonia Direct condensation Circular channel Co-current flow Two-phase flow |
| title | Direct contact condensation of two-phase ammonia in the co-current subcooled liquid flow at the low mass fluxes |
| title_full | Direct contact condensation of two-phase ammonia in the co-current subcooled liquid flow at the low mass fluxes |
| title_fullStr | Direct contact condensation of two-phase ammonia in the co-current subcooled liquid flow at the low mass fluxes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Direct contact condensation of two-phase ammonia in the co-current subcooled liquid flow at the low mass fluxes |
| title_short | Direct contact condensation of two-phase ammonia in the co-current subcooled liquid flow at the low mass fluxes |
| title_sort | direct contact condensation of two phase ammonia in the co current subcooled liquid flow at the low mass fluxes |
| topic | Ammonia Direct condensation Circular channel Co-current flow Two-phase flow |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214157X25011827 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT vasylruzaikin directcontactcondensationoftwophaseammoniainthecocurrentsubcooledliquidflowatthelowmassfluxes AT ivanlukashov directcontactcondensationoftwophaseammoniainthecocurrentsubcooledliquidflowatthelowmassfluxes AT andriibreus directcontactcondensationoftwophaseammoniainthecocurrentsubcooledliquidflowatthelowmassfluxes AT olenatorosian directcontactcondensationoftwophaseammoniainthecocurrentsubcooledliquidflowatthelowmassfluxes |