Polymeric membrane electrode-based biosensor for detection of methadone: Enhancing doping control in athletes

This work aimed to develop a simple, very stable, and sensitive biosensor to detect methadone for athlete doping monitoring by integrating polyaniline and graphitic carbon nitride on a glassy carbon electrode (PANI/g-C3N4/GCE). Using modified g-C3N4/GCE, the deposition approach was used to electroox...

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Main Authors: Guangyu Han, Wenjuan Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-12-01
Series:Alexandria Engineering Journal
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1110016824010421
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author Guangyu Han
Wenjuan Zhang
author_facet Guangyu Han
Wenjuan Zhang
author_sort Guangyu Han
collection DOAJ
description This work aimed to develop a simple, very stable, and sensitive biosensor to detect methadone for athlete doping monitoring by integrating polyaniline and graphitic carbon nitride on a glassy carbon electrode (PANI/g-C3N4/GCE). Using modified g-C3N4/GCE, the deposition approach was used to electrooxidize and polymerize aniline. The electrodeposited and polymerized aniline particles on g-C3N4 surfaces were confirmed by the structural analysis results. The addition of g-C3N4 to PANI produced a network film that improved stability and sensitivity and significantly increased electron mobility, according to cyclic-voltammetry and differential-pulse-voltammetry measurements. The DPV responses of PANI/g-C3N4/GCE indicated that this methadone sensor has sensitivity of 0.0891 μA/μM, linear-range of 1–520 μM, and detection limit of 4 nM. In this study, the proposed sensor's methadone detection capabilities were tested using prepared urine samples from four young athletes, ages 26–32. The sensor's accuracy and dependability are demonstrated by the significant recovery values (more than 97.00 %), suitable precision (RSD less than 4.69 %), and agreement between measurements made using the DPV and the methadone test kit. These findings demonstrate the developed sensor's potential to improve athletes' doping control by offering a dependable methadone detection technique.
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publishDate 2024-12-01
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series Alexandria Engineering Journal
spelling doaj-art-c4894f3ec2b34663a8e5f9777bfa631f2024-11-22T07:36:23ZengElsevierAlexandria Engineering Journal1110-01682024-12-01108654661Polymeric membrane electrode-based biosensor for detection of methadone: Enhancing doping control in athletesGuangyu Han0Wenjuan Zhang1Physical Education Institute, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, ChinaSports Mechanics Laboratory, Jeju University, Jeju Island 63243, South Korea; Corresponding author.This work aimed to develop a simple, very stable, and sensitive biosensor to detect methadone for athlete doping monitoring by integrating polyaniline and graphitic carbon nitride on a glassy carbon electrode (PANI/g-C3N4/GCE). Using modified g-C3N4/GCE, the deposition approach was used to electrooxidize and polymerize aniline. The electrodeposited and polymerized aniline particles on g-C3N4 surfaces were confirmed by the structural analysis results. The addition of g-C3N4 to PANI produced a network film that improved stability and sensitivity and significantly increased electron mobility, according to cyclic-voltammetry and differential-pulse-voltammetry measurements. The DPV responses of PANI/g-C3N4/GCE indicated that this methadone sensor has sensitivity of 0.0891 μA/μM, linear-range of 1–520 μM, and detection limit of 4 nM. In this study, the proposed sensor's methadone detection capabilities were tested using prepared urine samples from four young athletes, ages 26–32. The sensor's accuracy and dependability are demonstrated by the significant recovery values (more than 97.00 %), suitable precision (RSD less than 4.69 %), and agreement between measurements made using the DPV and the methadone test kit. These findings demonstrate the developed sensor's potential to improve athletes' doping control by offering a dependable methadone detection technique.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1110016824010421MethadoneG-C3N4PolyanilineUrine sampleElectrochemical sensor
spellingShingle Guangyu Han
Wenjuan Zhang
Polymeric membrane electrode-based biosensor for detection of methadone: Enhancing doping control in athletes
Alexandria Engineering Journal
Methadone
G-C3N4
Polyaniline
Urine sample
Electrochemical sensor
title Polymeric membrane electrode-based biosensor for detection of methadone: Enhancing doping control in athletes
title_full Polymeric membrane electrode-based biosensor for detection of methadone: Enhancing doping control in athletes
title_fullStr Polymeric membrane electrode-based biosensor for detection of methadone: Enhancing doping control in athletes
title_full_unstemmed Polymeric membrane electrode-based biosensor for detection of methadone: Enhancing doping control in athletes
title_short Polymeric membrane electrode-based biosensor for detection of methadone: Enhancing doping control in athletes
title_sort polymeric membrane electrode based biosensor for detection of methadone enhancing doping control in athletes
topic Methadone
G-C3N4
Polyaniline
Urine sample
Electrochemical sensor
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1110016824010421
work_keys_str_mv AT guangyuhan polymericmembraneelectrodebasedbiosensorfordetectionofmethadoneenhancingdopingcontrolinathletes
AT wenjuanzhang polymericmembraneelectrodebasedbiosensorfordetectionofmethadoneenhancingdopingcontrolinathletes