Acid-assisted polysaccharides extracted from Asparagus cochinchinensis protect against Alzheimer’s disease by regulating the microbiota-gut-brain axis

In this study, an acid-assisted extraction strategy was used to extract a novel polysaccharide (ACP) from Asparagus cochinchinensis, after which this polysaccharide was purified and subjected to extensive characterization. ACP was determined to have an average molecular weight of 15,580 Da in struct...

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Main Authors: Ruixue Li, Hui Wang, Qinjian Wang, Zhiqiang Zhang, Li Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2024-12-01
Series:Frontiers in Nutrition
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2024.1496306/full
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author Ruixue Li
Hui Wang
Qinjian Wang
Zhiqiang Zhang
Li Wang
author_facet Ruixue Li
Hui Wang
Qinjian Wang
Zhiqiang Zhang
Li Wang
author_sort Ruixue Li
collection DOAJ
description In this study, an acid-assisted extraction strategy was used to extract a novel polysaccharide (ACP) from Asparagus cochinchinensis, after which this polysaccharide was purified and subjected to extensive characterization. ACP was determined to have an average molecular weight of 15,580 Da in structural characterization studies, and it was found to primarily consist of glucose, galactose, L-fucose, and fructose at an 82.14:12.23:2.61:2.49 ratio. Trace amounts of xylose, arabinose, and rhamnose were also detected in ACP preparations at a 0.48:0.04:0.02 ratio. GC–MS analyses identified eight different sugar linkages within ACP, including Glcp-(1→, →2)-Glcp-(1→, →6)-Glcp-(1→, →4)-Glcp-(1→, →3, 4)-Glcp-(1→, →2,4) -Galp-(1→, →4,6)-Galp-(1→, and →3,4,6)-Galp-(1 → linkages present at 23.70:1.30:3.55:50.77:6.91:1.10:11.50:1.18 molar percent ratios. One-dimensional NMR, two-dimensional NMR, and methylation analyses ultimately revealed that the polysaccharide is mainly composed of →4)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → and a small amount→4,6)-α-D-Galp-(1 → and →3,4)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → and so on. Branched chain is mainly composed of α-D-Glcp-(1 → 4)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → connected to the sugar residues α-D-Glcp-(1 → 4)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → O-4 position or sugar residues of α-D-Glcp-(1 → 4)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → O-3 position. ACP treatment in SAMP8 mice was associated with reductions in oxidative stress and brain pathology together with enhanced cognitive function. ACP treated SAMP8 mice also presented with increases in Bacteroidota abundance and reduced Firmicutes, Patescibacteria, Actinobacteriota, and Campilobacterota abundance. Thus, ACP can prevent Alzheimer’s disease by modulating the microbe-gut-brain axis.
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spelling doaj-art-c472e5769e4244fc8c5ee068f5a03ca62024-12-20T12:51:53ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Nutrition2296-861X2024-12-011110.3389/fnut.2024.14963061496306Acid-assisted polysaccharides extracted from Asparagus cochinchinensis protect against Alzheimer’s disease by regulating the microbiota-gut-brain axisRuixue Li0Hui Wang1Qinjian Wang2Zhiqiang Zhang3Li Wang4College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, ChinaCollege of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, ChinaHenan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, ChinaCollege of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, ChinaDepartment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, ChinaIn this study, an acid-assisted extraction strategy was used to extract a novel polysaccharide (ACP) from Asparagus cochinchinensis, after which this polysaccharide was purified and subjected to extensive characterization. ACP was determined to have an average molecular weight of 15,580 Da in structural characterization studies, and it was found to primarily consist of glucose, galactose, L-fucose, and fructose at an 82.14:12.23:2.61:2.49 ratio. Trace amounts of xylose, arabinose, and rhamnose were also detected in ACP preparations at a 0.48:0.04:0.02 ratio. GC–MS analyses identified eight different sugar linkages within ACP, including Glcp-(1→, →2)-Glcp-(1→, →6)-Glcp-(1→, →4)-Glcp-(1→, →3, 4)-Glcp-(1→, →2,4) -Galp-(1→, →4,6)-Galp-(1→, and →3,4,6)-Galp-(1 → linkages present at 23.70:1.30:3.55:50.77:6.91:1.10:11.50:1.18 molar percent ratios. One-dimensional NMR, two-dimensional NMR, and methylation analyses ultimately revealed that the polysaccharide is mainly composed of →4)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → and a small amount→4,6)-α-D-Galp-(1 → and →3,4)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → and so on. Branched chain is mainly composed of α-D-Glcp-(1 → 4)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → connected to the sugar residues α-D-Glcp-(1 → 4)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → O-4 position or sugar residues of α-D-Glcp-(1 → 4)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → O-3 position. ACP treatment in SAMP8 mice was associated with reductions in oxidative stress and brain pathology together with enhanced cognitive function. ACP treated SAMP8 mice also presented with increases in Bacteroidota abundance and reduced Firmicutes, Patescibacteria, Actinobacteriota, and Campilobacterota abundance. Thus, ACP can prevent Alzheimer’s disease by modulating the microbe-gut-brain axis.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2024.1496306/fullpolysaccharideAsparagus cochinchinensismicrobiota-gut-brainidentification of structuregut microbiota
spellingShingle Ruixue Li
Hui Wang
Qinjian Wang
Zhiqiang Zhang
Li Wang
Acid-assisted polysaccharides extracted from Asparagus cochinchinensis protect against Alzheimer’s disease by regulating the microbiota-gut-brain axis
Frontiers in Nutrition
polysaccharide
Asparagus cochinchinensis
microbiota-gut-brain
identification of structure
gut microbiota
title Acid-assisted polysaccharides extracted from Asparagus cochinchinensis protect against Alzheimer’s disease by regulating the microbiota-gut-brain axis
title_full Acid-assisted polysaccharides extracted from Asparagus cochinchinensis protect against Alzheimer’s disease by regulating the microbiota-gut-brain axis
title_fullStr Acid-assisted polysaccharides extracted from Asparagus cochinchinensis protect against Alzheimer’s disease by regulating the microbiota-gut-brain axis
title_full_unstemmed Acid-assisted polysaccharides extracted from Asparagus cochinchinensis protect against Alzheimer’s disease by regulating the microbiota-gut-brain axis
title_short Acid-assisted polysaccharides extracted from Asparagus cochinchinensis protect against Alzheimer’s disease by regulating the microbiota-gut-brain axis
title_sort acid assisted polysaccharides extracted from asparagus cochinchinensis protect against alzheimer s disease by regulating the microbiota gut brain axis
topic polysaccharide
Asparagus cochinchinensis
microbiota-gut-brain
identification of structure
gut microbiota
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2024.1496306/full
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AT qinjianwang acidassistedpolysaccharidesextractedfromasparaguscochinchinensisprotectagainstalzheimersdiseasebyregulatingthemicrobiotagutbrainaxis
AT zhiqiangzhang acidassistedpolysaccharidesextractedfromasparaguscochinchinensisprotectagainstalzheimersdiseasebyregulatingthemicrobiotagutbrainaxis
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