Case Report: Visceral leishmaniasis misdiagnosed as systemic lupus erythematosus in a 36-year-old migrant worker

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), also known as kala-azar, is an often-neglected tropical disease caused by Leishmania donovani. It is endemic in certain regions of China, including Shanxi Province. This case report describes a 36-year-old female migrant worker who regularly travels between Shanxi Provin...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Li-Ping Sheng, Bo-Zhi Lin, Li-Na Han, Gui-Qiang Wang, Feng-Qin Hou
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Medicine
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1614790/full
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849397105958846464
author Li-Ping Sheng
Bo-Zhi Lin
Li-Na Han
Gui-Qiang Wang
Gui-Qiang Wang
Feng-Qin Hou
Feng-Qin Hou
author_facet Li-Ping Sheng
Bo-Zhi Lin
Li-Na Han
Gui-Qiang Wang
Gui-Qiang Wang
Feng-Qin Hou
Feng-Qin Hou
author_sort Li-Ping Sheng
collection DOAJ
description Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), also known as kala-azar, is an often-neglected tropical disease caused by Leishmania donovani. It is endemic in certain regions of China, including Shanxi Province. This case report describes a 36-year-old female migrant worker who regularly travels between Shanxi Province, her hometown and Zhongshan, Guangdong Province. She presented with prolonged fever, splenomegaly, pancytopenia and high title anti-nuclear antibodies. She was initially diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and associated polyclonal gammopathy. Her condition failed to improve with corticosteroids and immunosuppressants. Further evaluation revealed VL, confirmed by bone marrow smear and molecular testing. Treatment with liposomal amphotericin B led to prompt clinical resolution. This case highlights the importance of obtaining travel history and considering parasitic infections in patients with refractory fever and splenomegaly.
format Article
id doaj-art-c40acefd55ab4e7ca59e59d03aa55dc3
institution Kabale University
issn 2296-858X
language English
publishDate 2025-08-01
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format Article
series Frontiers in Medicine
spelling doaj-art-c40acefd55ab4e7ca59e59d03aa55dc32025-08-20T03:39:09ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Medicine2296-858X2025-08-011210.3389/fmed.2025.16147901614790Case Report: Visceral leishmaniasis misdiagnosed as systemic lupus erythematosus in a 36-year-old migrant workerLi-Ping Sheng0Bo-Zhi Lin1Li-Na Han2Gui-Qiang Wang3Gui-Qiang Wang4Feng-Qin Hou5Feng-Qin Hou6Department of Infectious Diseases and Center for Liver Diseases, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Infectious Diseases and Center for Liver Diseases, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Infectious Diseases and Center for Liver Diseases, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Infectious Diseases and Center for Liver Diseases, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Infectious Diseases and Center for Liver Diseases, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, ChinaVisceral leishmaniasis (VL), also known as kala-azar, is an often-neglected tropical disease caused by Leishmania donovani. It is endemic in certain regions of China, including Shanxi Province. This case report describes a 36-year-old female migrant worker who regularly travels between Shanxi Province, her hometown and Zhongshan, Guangdong Province. She presented with prolonged fever, splenomegaly, pancytopenia and high title anti-nuclear antibodies. She was initially diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and associated polyclonal gammopathy. Her condition failed to improve with corticosteroids and immunosuppressants. Further evaluation revealed VL, confirmed by bone marrow smear and molecular testing. Treatment with liposomal amphotericin B led to prompt clinical resolution. This case highlights the importance of obtaining travel history and considering parasitic infections in patients with refractory fever and splenomegaly.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1614790/fullvisceral leishmaniasissystemic lupus erythematosusliposomal amphotericin Bbone marrowdiagnosis
spellingShingle Li-Ping Sheng
Bo-Zhi Lin
Li-Na Han
Gui-Qiang Wang
Gui-Qiang Wang
Feng-Qin Hou
Feng-Qin Hou
Case Report: Visceral leishmaniasis misdiagnosed as systemic lupus erythematosus in a 36-year-old migrant worker
Frontiers in Medicine
visceral leishmaniasis
systemic lupus erythematosus
liposomal amphotericin B
bone marrow
diagnosis
title Case Report: Visceral leishmaniasis misdiagnosed as systemic lupus erythematosus in a 36-year-old migrant worker
title_full Case Report: Visceral leishmaniasis misdiagnosed as systemic lupus erythematosus in a 36-year-old migrant worker
title_fullStr Case Report: Visceral leishmaniasis misdiagnosed as systemic lupus erythematosus in a 36-year-old migrant worker
title_full_unstemmed Case Report: Visceral leishmaniasis misdiagnosed as systemic lupus erythematosus in a 36-year-old migrant worker
title_short Case Report: Visceral leishmaniasis misdiagnosed as systemic lupus erythematosus in a 36-year-old migrant worker
title_sort case report visceral leishmaniasis misdiagnosed as systemic lupus erythematosus in a 36 year old migrant worker
topic visceral leishmaniasis
systemic lupus erythematosus
liposomal amphotericin B
bone marrow
diagnosis
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1614790/full
work_keys_str_mv AT lipingsheng casereportvisceralleishmaniasismisdiagnosedassystemiclupuserythematosusina36yearoldmigrantworker
AT bozhilin casereportvisceralleishmaniasismisdiagnosedassystemiclupuserythematosusina36yearoldmigrantworker
AT linahan casereportvisceralleishmaniasismisdiagnosedassystemiclupuserythematosusina36yearoldmigrantworker
AT guiqiangwang casereportvisceralleishmaniasismisdiagnosedassystemiclupuserythematosusina36yearoldmigrantworker
AT guiqiangwang casereportvisceralleishmaniasismisdiagnosedassystemiclupuserythematosusina36yearoldmigrantworker
AT fengqinhou casereportvisceralleishmaniasismisdiagnosedassystemiclupuserythematosusina36yearoldmigrantworker
AT fengqinhou casereportvisceralleishmaniasismisdiagnosedassystemiclupuserythematosusina36yearoldmigrantworker