Impact of saline irrigation on the early mechanical characteristics and microstructure of bone cement
Abstract Very high heat is generated during the polymerization of poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) bone cement, which is used for implant fixation in orthopedic surgery. As such, it has been suggested that irrigating the bone cement layer in the surgical site with a saline solution is a way of cool...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Nature Portfolio
2024-12-01
|
| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-82737-5 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1846101188317020160 |
|---|---|
| author | Seyed Morteza Kazemi Alireza Mirahmadi Pooya Hosseini-Monfared Hamid Reza Moghimi Arash Mahboubi Marzieh Gandomkarzadeh Amirhossein Salmannezhad Mehrdad Farrokhi |
| author_facet | Seyed Morteza Kazemi Alireza Mirahmadi Pooya Hosseini-Monfared Hamid Reza Moghimi Arash Mahboubi Marzieh Gandomkarzadeh Amirhossein Salmannezhad Mehrdad Farrokhi |
| author_sort | Seyed Morteza Kazemi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Very high heat is generated during the polymerization of poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) bone cement, which is used for implant fixation in orthopedic surgery. As such, it has been suggested that irrigating the bone cement layer in the surgical site with a saline solution is a way of cooling the layer. In this study, we aimed to determine the influence of irrigation with a saline solution on the flexural strength and the microstructure of the test specimens of two PMMA bone cement brands: Simplex P and FIX 1. Specimens were assigned to three groups: (1) irrigation with normal saline solution at 25 °C (RS group), (2) irrigation with cold saline at 4 °C (CS group), and (3) no irrigation (control group). For each of the groups, the specimens were tested after various times of aging in phosphate-buffered saline solution (PBS) at 37 °C for 1 h, 24 h, and 7 days. Flexural strength was measured following ISO 5833 protocol, and the surface microstructure was determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The flexural strength results showed that for each of the cement brands, the difference between the groups was not significant, except for Simplex P specimens aged for 24 h, for which flexural strength of the RS and CS group specimens was lower than in the control group. The microstructural features of the surface of the specimens were similar across groups. These findings suggest that in a cemented arthroplasty, irrigation of the bone cement for the purpose of cooling it must only be used after very careful consideration. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c3e6ee033e69426c8fe41c288816f8e0 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-c3e6ee033e69426c8fe41c288816f8e02024-12-29T12:26:16ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222024-12-011411810.1038/s41598-024-82737-5Impact of saline irrigation on the early mechanical characteristics and microstructure of bone cementSeyed Morteza Kazemi0Alireza Mirahmadi1Pooya Hosseini-Monfared2Hamid Reza Moghimi3Arash Mahboubi4Marzieh Gandomkarzadeh5Amirhossein Salmannezhad6Mehrdad Farrokhi7Bone, Joint and Related Tissues Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesBone, Joint and Related Tissues Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesBone, Joint and Related Tissues Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesBone, Joint and Related Tissues Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesStudent Research Committee, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesAbstract Very high heat is generated during the polymerization of poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) bone cement, which is used for implant fixation in orthopedic surgery. As such, it has been suggested that irrigating the bone cement layer in the surgical site with a saline solution is a way of cooling the layer. In this study, we aimed to determine the influence of irrigation with a saline solution on the flexural strength and the microstructure of the test specimens of two PMMA bone cement brands: Simplex P and FIX 1. Specimens were assigned to three groups: (1) irrigation with normal saline solution at 25 °C (RS group), (2) irrigation with cold saline at 4 °C (CS group), and (3) no irrigation (control group). For each of the groups, the specimens were tested after various times of aging in phosphate-buffered saline solution (PBS) at 37 °C for 1 h, 24 h, and 7 days. Flexural strength was measured following ISO 5833 protocol, and the surface microstructure was determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The flexural strength results showed that for each of the cement brands, the difference between the groups was not significant, except for Simplex P specimens aged for 24 h, for which flexural strength of the RS and CS group specimens was lower than in the control group. The microstructural features of the surface of the specimens were similar across groups. These findings suggest that in a cemented arthroplasty, irrigation of the bone cement for the purpose of cooling it must only be used after very careful consideration.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-82737-5ArthroplastyBone cementFlexural StrengthScanning Electron MicroscopyTemperatureAseptic loosening |
| spellingShingle | Seyed Morteza Kazemi Alireza Mirahmadi Pooya Hosseini-Monfared Hamid Reza Moghimi Arash Mahboubi Marzieh Gandomkarzadeh Amirhossein Salmannezhad Mehrdad Farrokhi Impact of saline irrigation on the early mechanical characteristics and microstructure of bone cement Scientific Reports Arthroplasty Bone cement Flexural Strength Scanning Electron Microscopy Temperature Aseptic loosening |
| title | Impact of saline irrigation on the early mechanical characteristics and microstructure of bone cement |
| title_full | Impact of saline irrigation on the early mechanical characteristics and microstructure of bone cement |
| title_fullStr | Impact of saline irrigation on the early mechanical characteristics and microstructure of bone cement |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of saline irrigation on the early mechanical characteristics and microstructure of bone cement |
| title_short | Impact of saline irrigation on the early mechanical characteristics and microstructure of bone cement |
| title_sort | impact of saline irrigation on the early mechanical characteristics and microstructure of bone cement |
| topic | Arthroplasty Bone cement Flexural Strength Scanning Electron Microscopy Temperature Aseptic loosening |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-82737-5 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT seyedmortezakazemi impactofsalineirrigationontheearlymechanicalcharacteristicsandmicrostructureofbonecement AT alirezamirahmadi impactofsalineirrigationontheearlymechanicalcharacteristicsandmicrostructureofbonecement AT pooyahosseinimonfared impactofsalineirrigationontheearlymechanicalcharacteristicsandmicrostructureofbonecement AT hamidrezamoghimi impactofsalineirrigationontheearlymechanicalcharacteristicsandmicrostructureofbonecement AT arashmahboubi impactofsalineirrigationontheearlymechanicalcharacteristicsandmicrostructureofbonecement AT marziehgandomkarzadeh impactofsalineirrigationontheearlymechanicalcharacteristicsandmicrostructureofbonecement AT amirhosseinsalmannezhad impactofsalineirrigationontheearlymechanicalcharacteristicsandmicrostructureofbonecement AT mehrdadfarrokhi impactofsalineirrigationontheearlymechanicalcharacteristicsandmicrostructureofbonecement |