Verifiable measurement-based quantum random sampling with trapped ions
Abstract Quantum computers are now on the brink of outperforming their classical counterparts. One way to demonstrate the advantage of quantum computation is through quantum random sampling performed on quantum computing devices. However, existing tools for verifying that a quantum device indeed per...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Nature Communications |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-55342-3 |
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| author | Martin Ringbauer Marcel Hinsche Thomas Feldker Paul K. Faehrmann Juani Bermejo-Vega Claire L. Edmunds Lukas Postler Roman Stricker Christian D. Marciniak Michael Meth Ivan Pogorelov Rainer Blatt Philipp Schindler Jens Eisert Thomas Monz Dominik Hangleiter |
| author_facet | Martin Ringbauer Marcel Hinsche Thomas Feldker Paul K. Faehrmann Juani Bermejo-Vega Claire L. Edmunds Lukas Postler Roman Stricker Christian D. Marciniak Michael Meth Ivan Pogorelov Rainer Blatt Philipp Schindler Jens Eisert Thomas Monz Dominik Hangleiter |
| author_sort | Martin Ringbauer |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Quantum computers are now on the brink of outperforming their classical counterparts. One way to demonstrate the advantage of quantum computation is through quantum random sampling performed on quantum computing devices. However, existing tools for verifying that a quantum device indeed performed the classically intractable sampling task are either impractical or not scalable to the quantum advantage regime. The verification problem thus remains an outstanding challenge. Here, we experimentally demonstrate efficiently verifiable quantum random sampling in the measurement-based model of quantum computation on a trapped-ion quantum processor. We create and sample from random cluster states, which are at the heart of measurement-based computing, up to a size of 4 × 4 qubits. By exploiting the structure of these states, we are able to recycle qubits during the computation to sample from entangled cluster states that are larger than the qubit register. We then efficiently estimate the fidelity to verify the prepared states—in single instances and on average—and compare our results to cross-entropy benchmarking. Finally, we study the effect of experimental noise on the certificates. Our results and techniques provide a feasible path toward a verified demonstration of a quantum advantage. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c39e062ad7494f57b836a97cdf848f48 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2041-1723 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nature Communications |
| spelling | doaj-art-c39e062ad7494f57b836a97cdf848f482025-01-05T12:39:06ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-01-011611910.1038/s41467-024-55342-3Verifiable measurement-based quantum random sampling with trapped ionsMartin Ringbauer0Marcel Hinsche1Thomas Feldker2Paul K. Faehrmann3Juani Bermejo-Vega4Claire L. Edmunds5Lukas Postler6Roman Stricker7Christian D. Marciniak8Michael Meth9Ivan Pogorelov10Rainer Blatt11Philipp Schindler12Jens Eisert13Thomas Monz14Dominik Hangleiter15Universität Innsbruck, Institut für ExperimentalphysikDahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universität BerlinUniversität Innsbruck, Institut für ExperimentalphysikDahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universität BerlinDahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universität BerlinUniversität Innsbruck, Institut für ExperimentalphysikUniversität Innsbruck, Institut für ExperimentalphysikUniversität Innsbruck, Institut für ExperimentalphysikUniversität Innsbruck, Institut für ExperimentalphysikUniversität Innsbruck, Institut für ExperimentalphysikUniversität Innsbruck, Institut für ExperimentalphysikUniversität Innsbruck, Institut für ExperimentalphysikUniversität Innsbruck, Institut für ExperimentalphysikDahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universität BerlinUniversität Innsbruck, Institut für ExperimentalphysikJoint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science (QuICS), University of Maryland & NISTAbstract Quantum computers are now on the brink of outperforming their classical counterparts. One way to demonstrate the advantage of quantum computation is through quantum random sampling performed on quantum computing devices. However, existing tools for verifying that a quantum device indeed performed the classically intractable sampling task are either impractical or not scalable to the quantum advantage regime. The verification problem thus remains an outstanding challenge. Here, we experimentally demonstrate efficiently verifiable quantum random sampling in the measurement-based model of quantum computation on a trapped-ion quantum processor. We create and sample from random cluster states, which are at the heart of measurement-based computing, up to a size of 4 × 4 qubits. By exploiting the structure of these states, we are able to recycle qubits during the computation to sample from entangled cluster states that are larger than the qubit register. We then efficiently estimate the fidelity to verify the prepared states—in single instances and on average—and compare our results to cross-entropy benchmarking. Finally, we study the effect of experimental noise on the certificates. Our results and techniques provide a feasible path toward a verified demonstration of a quantum advantage.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-55342-3 |
| spellingShingle | Martin Ringbauer Marcel Hinsche Thomas Feldker Paul K. Faehrmann Juani Bermejo-Vega Claire L. Edmunds Lukas Postler Roman Stricker Christian D. Marciniak Michael Meth Ivan Pogorelov Rainer Blatt Philipp Schindler Jens Eisert Thomas Monz Dominik Hangleiter Verifiable measurement-based quantum random sampling with trapped ions Nature Communications |
| title | Verifiable measurement-based quantum random sampling with trapped ions |
| title_full | Verifiable measurement-based quantum random sampling with trapped ions |
| title_fullStr | Verifiable measurement-based quantum random sampling with trapped ions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Verifiable measurement-based quantum random sampling with trapped ions |
| title_short | Verifiable measurement-based quantum random sampling with trapped ions |
| title_sort | verifiable measurement based quantum random sampling with trapped ions |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-55342-3 |
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