Inter-call intervals, but not call durations, adhere to Menzerath’s Law in the submissive vocal bouts of meerkats

Diverse information encoding systems, including human language, the vocal and gestural systems of non-human animals and the structure of DNA and proteins, have been found to conform to ‘Menzerath’s Law’—a negative relationship between the number of units composing a sequence, and the size of those u...

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Main Authors: Stuart Kyle Watson, Mara Zali, Nikola Falk, Paul Widmer, Marta B Manser
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: The Royal Society 2024-12-01
Series:Royal Society Open Science
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Online Access:https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.241351
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author Stuart Kyle Watson
Mara Zali
Nikola Falk
Paul Widmer
Marta B Manser
author_facet Stuart Kyle Watson
Mara Zali
Nikola Falk
Paul Widmer
Marta B Manser
author_sort Stuart Kyle Watson
collection DOAJ
description Diverse information encoding systems, including human language, the vocal and gestural systems of non-human animals and the structure of DNA and proteins, have been found to conform to ‘Menzerath’s Law’—a negative relationship between the number of units composing a sequence, and the size of those units. Here, we test for the presence of Menzerath’s Law in the vocal bouts produced in a submissive context by meerkats (Suricata suricatta). Using a suite of Bayesian mixed effects models, we examined 1676 vocal bouts produced by 89 wild meerkats, ranging from 1 to 590 calls in length, to determine whether the number of calls composing each bout had a negative relationship with the duration of those calls or their inter-call intervals. In contradiction to Menzerath’s Law, we found that the duration of vocalizations had a positive relationship with the number of calls in a bout. However, the duration of intervals between calls did have a negative relationship with bout size. Moreover, both calls and intervals had longer durations the closer they were positioned to the end of the bout. These findings highlight the multi-faceted ways in which efficiency trade-offs can occur in the vocal repertoires of non-human animals, shaping variability in the production of signal forms.
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spelling doaj-art-c37978bc416a4d94acaaeda2ff8ea69f2024-12-11T00:05:40ZengThe Royal SocietyRoyal Society Open Science2054-57032024-12-01111210.1098/rsos.241351Inter-call intervals, but not call durations, adhere to Menzerath’s Law in the submissive vocal bouts of meerkatsStuart Kyle Watson0Mara Zali1Nikola Falk2Paul Widmer3Marta B Manser4Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, SwitzerlandDepartment of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, SwitzerlandDepartment of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, SwitzerlandCenter for the Interdisciplinary Study of Language Evolution, University of Zürich, Zürich, SwitzerlandDepartment of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, SwitzerlandDiverse information encoding systems, including human language, the vocal and gestural systems of non-human animals and the structure of DNA and proteins, have been found to conform to ‘Menzerath’s Law’—a negative relationship between the number of units composing a sequence, and the size of those units. Here, we test for the presence of Menzerath’s Law in the vocal bouts produced in a submissive context by meerkats (Suricata suricatta). Using a suite of Bayesian mixed effects models, we examined 1676 vocal bouts produced by 89 wild meerkats, ranging from 1 to 590 calls in length, to determine whether the number of calls composing each bout had a negative relationship with the duration of those calls or their inter-call intervals. In contradiction to Menzerath’s Law, we found that the duration of vocalizations had a positive relationship with the number of calls in a bout. However, the duration of intervals between calls did have a negative relationship with bout size. Moreover, both calls and intervals had longer durations the closer they were positioned to the end of the bout. These findings highlight the multi-faceted ways in which efficiency trade-offs can occur in the vocal repertoires of non-human animals, shaping variability in the production of signal forms.https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.241351animal communicationvocal behaviourMenzerath’s Lawquantitative linguistics
spellingShingle Stuart Kyle Watson
Mara Zali
Nikola Falk
Paul Widmer
Marta B Manser
Inter-call intervals, but not call durations, adhere to Menzerath’s Law in the submissive vocal bouts of meerkats
Royal Society Open Science
animal communication
vocal behaviour
Menzerath’s Law
quantitative linguistics
title Inter-call intervals, but not call durations, adhere to Menzerath’s Law in the submissive vocal bouts of meerkats
title_full Inter-call intervals, but not call durations, adhere to Menzerath’s Law in the submissive vocal bouts of meerkats
title_fullStr Inter-call intervals, but not call durations, adhere to Menzerath’s Law in the submissive vocal bouts of meerkats
title_full_unstemmed Inter-call intervals, but not call durations, adhere to Menzerath’s Law in the submissive vocal bouts of meerkats
title_short Inter-call intervals, but not call durations, adhere to Menzerath’s Law in the submissive vocal bouts of meerkats
title_sort inter call intervals but not call durations adhere to menzerath s law in the submissive vocal bouts of meerkats
topic animal communication
vocal behaviour
Menzerath’s Law
quantitative linguistics
url https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.241351
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