Between heuristic and deliberative thinking: a multi-center qualitative study of physicians’ decision-making in infection prevention practice

Abstract Background Application of standard infection prevention and control (IPC) measures is crucial to prevent hospital-acquired infections, but compliance by physicians is suboptimal. Interventions aimed to improve compliance are often generic and lack sustained effects. A better understanding o...

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Main Authors: Miriam Schutte, Mireille Dekker, Jonne Sikkens, Rosa van Mansfeld
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-025-01572-z
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author Miriam Schutte
Mireille Dekker
Jonne Sikkens
Rosa van Mansfeld
author_facet Miriam Schutte
Mireille Dekker
Jonne Sikkens
Rosa van Mansfeld
author_sort Miriam Schutte
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Application of standard infection prevention and control (IPC) measures is crucial to prevent hospital-acquired infections, but compliance by physicians is suboptimal. Interventions aimed to improve compliance are often generic and lack sustained effects. A better understanding of physicians’ trade-offs regarding application of IPC and influences on their behavior is needed to develop effective behavior change interventions. We aimed to understand physicians’ decision-making processes around application of IPC and the factors that influence their behavior. Methods This qualitative study involved semi-structured interviews with 18 physicians and 7 nurses from five different hospitals in the Netherlands. Reflexive thematic analysis involved inductive coding followed by deductive analysis using mechanisms of action, including the Theoretical Domains Framework, that link to behavior change techniques. Results We found heterogeneity in physicians’ approaches to decision-making around application of IPC. Some physicians relied on heuristics, while others applied logical reasoning. The latter group made an autonomous assessment of the risks for infection associated with a situation and traded off the costs and benefits of IPC application. The decision was further influenced by personal beliefs about the value of IPC and a supporting physical and social environment. Eighteen out of 26 mechanisms of action underlying the influences on IPC behavior were matched to our results; most important are “memory, attention and decision processes”, “behavioral cueing”, “beliefs about consequences”, “values”, “norms”, “social influences”, “social learning/imitation” and “environmental context and resources”. These findings suggest that interventions are most likely to be beneficial if these focus on developing heuristics, changing risk beliefs, using social norms and imitation and generating a supportive environment. Conclusion The heterogeneity in physicians’ decision-making and autonomous risk assessment which is different from other healthcare professionals calls for tailored interventions targeting heuristic decision making, personal beliefs, social norms and the environmental context.
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spelling doaj-art-c2c35a99e1fc4c5ea0036bcdec7270f82025-08-20T03:53:58ZengBMCAntimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control2047-29942025-05-0114111010.1186/s13756-025-01572-zBetween heuristic and deliberative thinking: a multi-center qualitative study of physicians’ decision-making in infection prevention practiceMiriam Schutte0Mireille Dekker1Jonne Sikkens2Rosa van Mansfeld3Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Quality of CareAmsterdam Institute for Infection and ImmunityDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAbstract Background Application of standard infection prevention and control (IPC) measures is crucial to prevent hospital-acquired infections, but compliance by physicians is suboptimal. Interventions aimed to improve compliance are often generic and lack sustained effects. A better understanding of physicians’ trade-offs regarding application of IPC and influences on their behavior is needed to develop effective behavior change interventions. We aimed to understand physicians’ decision-making processes around application of IPC and the factors that influence their behavior. Methods This qualitative study involved semi-structured interviews with 18 physicians and 7 nurses from five different hospitals in the Netherlands. Reflexive thematic analysis involved inductive coding followed by deductive analysis using mechanisms of action, including the Theoretical Domains Framework, that link to behavior change techniques. Results We found heterogeneity in physicians’ approaches to decision-making around application of IPC. Some physicians relied on heuristics, while others applied logical reasoning. The latter group made an autonomous assessment of the risks for infection associated with a situation and traded off the costs and benefits of IPC application. The decision was further influenced by personal beliefs about the value of IPC and a supporting physical and social environment. Eighteen out of 26 mechanisms of action underlying the influences on IPC behavior were matched to our results; most important are “memory, attention and decision processes”, “behavioral cueing”, “beliefs about consequences”, “values”, “norms”, “social influences”, “social learning/imitation” and “environmental context and resources”. These findings suggest that interventions are most likely to be beneficial if these focus on developing heuristics, changing risk beliefs, using social norms and imitation and generating a supportive environment. Conclusion The heterogeneity in physicians’ decision-making and autonomous risk assessment which is different from other healthcare professionals calls for tailored interventions targeting heuristic decision making, personal beliefs, social norms and the environmental context.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-025-01572-zPhysiciansInfection preventionDecision-makingInterviewsBehaviorTheoretical domains framework
spellingShingle Miriam Schutte
Mireille Dekker
Jonne Sikkens
Rosa van Mansfeld
Between heuristic and deliberative thinking: a multi-center qualitative study of physicians’ decision-making in infection prevention practice
Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control
Physicians
Infection prevention
Decision-making
Interviews
Behavior
Theoretical domains framework
title Between heuristic and deliberative thinking: a multi-center qualitative study of physicians’ decision-making in infection prevention practice
title_full Between heuristic and deliberative thinking: a multi-center qualitative study of physicians’ decision-making in infection prevention practice
title_fullStr Between heuristic and deliberative thinking: a multi-center qualitative study of physicians’ decision-making in infection prevention practice
title_full_unstemmed Between heuristic and deliberative thinking: a multi-center qualitative study of physicians’ decision-making in infection prevention practice
title_short Between heuristic and deliberative thinking: a multi-center qualitative study of physicians’ decision-making in infection prevention practice
title_sort between heuristic and deliberative thinking a multi center qualitative study of physicians decision making in infection prevention practice
topic Physicians
Infection prevention
Decision-making
Interviews
Behavior
Theoretical domains framework
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-025-01572-z
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