Natural phytochemical-based strategies for antibiofilm applications

Abstract Background Biofilms contribute to the persistence of infectious diseases, complicate the treatment of chronic infections and pose a significant global health threat. However, the effectiveness of antibacterial therapies is often limited by poor penetration of antibiotics, as well as the hor...

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Main Authors: Kangyu Zhou, Mengyao Shi, Ruyi Chen, Yang Zhang, Yunjie Sheng, Chaoying Tong, Gang Cao, Dan Shou
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:Chinese Medicine
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13020-025-01147-5
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author Kangyu Zhou
Mengyao Shi
Ruyi Chen
Yang Zhang
Yunjie Sheng
Chaoying Tong
Gang Cao
Dan Shou
author_facet Kangyu Zhou
Mengyao Shi
Ruyi Chen
Yang Zhang
Yunjie Sheng
Chaoying Tong
Gang Cao
Dan Shou
author_sort Kangyu Zhou
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Biofilms contribute to the persistence of infectious diseases, complicate the treatment of chronic infections and pose a significant global health threat. However, the effectiveness of antibacterial therapies is often limited by poor penetration of antibiotics, as well as the horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes among bacteria. Phytochemicals remain a promising source for developing novel antibiofilm agents. Methods A systematic search of literatures was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, Google scholar, and CNKI, with keywords related to “phytochemicals”, “natural products”, “natural compounds”, “alkaloids”, “polyphenols”, “terpenoids”, “quinones”, “nanomaterials”, “biofilms”, “biofilm formation”, “biofilm inhibition”, and “structure–activity relationship” focusing on studies published from 2014 to 2025. Results A total of 38 most extensively studied natural phytochemicals, including alkaloids, flavonoids (i.e., flavonols, flavanols, and chalcones), quinones, non-flavonoid polyphenols, terpenes and others, were systematically screened based on relevant articles from the past decade. Phytochemicals mainly work by targeting quorum sensing systems, reducing virulence factor production, preventing the initial adhesion and targeting the extracellular polymeric substances of biofilms. Well-designed phytochemical-based nanomaterials can enhance permeability, drug loading efficiency, target drug delivery and sustained drug release of phytochemicals, thereby increasing their antibiofilm efficacy. Conclusion Phytochemicals represent a promising therapeutic source for the elimination of bacterial biofilms and associated infections both in the form of molecules or nanomaterials. By synthesizing current progress and identifying future directions, phytochemical-based strategies may inspire innovative solutions and promote translational efforts in combating biofilm-associated challenges in clinical and environmental contexts. Graphical abstract
format Article
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issn 1749-8546
language English
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spelling doaj-art-c2864bb3d89c4d8d995af31bbae080842025-08-20T04:01:40ZengBMCChinese Medicine1749-85462025-07-0120112710.1186/s13020-025-01147-5Natural phytochemical-based strategies for antibiofilm applicationsKangyu Zhou0Mengyao Shi1Ruyi Chen2Yang Zhang3Yunjie Sheng4Chaoying Tong5Gang Cao6Dan Shou7School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversitySchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversitySchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityInstitute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversitySchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversitySchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversitySchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversitySchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityAbstract Background Biofilms contribute to the persistence of infectious diseases, complicate the treatment of chronic infections and pose a significant global health threat. However, the effectiveness of antibacterial therapies is often limited by poor penetration of antibiotics, as well as the horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes among bacteria. Phytochemicals remain a promising source for developing novel antibiofilm agents. Methods A systematic search of literatures was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, Google scholar, and CNKI, with keywords related to “phytochemicals”, “natural products”, “natural compounds”, “alkaloids”, “polyphenols”, “terpenoids”, “quinones”, “nanomaterials”, “biofilms”, “biofilm formation”, “biofilm inhibition”, and “structure–activity relationship” focusing on studies published from 2014 to 2025. Results A total of 38 most extensively studied natural phytochemicals, including alkaloids, flavonoids (i.e., flavonols, flavanols, and chalcones), quinones, non-flavonoid polyphenols, terpenes and others, were systematically screened based on relevant articles from the past decade. Phytochemicals mainly work by targeting quorum sensing systems, reducing virulence factor production, preventing the initial adhesion and targeting the extracellular polymeric substances of biofilms. Well-designed phytochemical-based nanomaterials can enhance permeability, drug loading efficiency, target drug delivery and sustained drug release of phytochemicals, thereby increasing their antibiofilm efficacy. Conclusion Phytochemicals represent a promising therapeutic source for the elimination of bacterial biofilms and associated infections both in the form of molecules or nanomaterials. By synthesizing current progress and identifying future directions, phytochemical-based strategies may inspire innovative solutions and promote translational efforts in combating biofilm-associated challenges in clinical and environmental contexts. Graphical abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s13020-025-01147-5BiofilmsPhytochemicalsNatural productsNanomaterialsAntibiofilm activity
spellingShingle Kangyu Zhou
Mengyao Shi
Ruyi Chen
Yang Zhang
Yunjie Sheng
Chaoying Tong
Gang Cao
Dan Shou
Natural phytochemical-based strategies for antibiofilm applications
Chinese Medicine
Biofilms
Phytochemicals
Natural products
Nanomaterials
Antibiofilm activity
title Natural phytochemical-based strategies for antibiofilm applications
title_full Natural phytochemical-based strategies for antibiofilm applications
title_fullStr Natural phytochemical-based strategies for antibiofilm applications
title_full_unstemmed Natural phytochemical-based strategies for antibiofilm applications
title_short Natural phytochemical-based strategies for antibiofilm applications
title_sort natural phytochemical based strategies for antibiofilm applications
topic Biofilms
Phytochemicals
Natural products
Nanomaterials
Antibiofilm activity
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13020-025-01147-5
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