Characterization of Spirulina‐derived extracellular vesicles and their potential as a vaccine adjuvant
Abstract Spirulina is an edible cyanobacterium that increasingly gaining recognition for it untapped potential in the biomanufacturing of pharmaceuticals. Despite the rapidly accumulating information on extracellular vesicles (EVs) from most other bacteria, nothing is known about Spirulina extracell...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Journal of Extracellular Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/jex2.70025 |
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| author | Mohammad Farouq Sharifpour Suchandan Sikder Yide Wong Na'ama Koifman Tamara Thomas Robert Courtney Jamie Seymour Alex Loukas |
| author_facet | Mohammad Farouq Sharifpour Suchandan Sikder Yide Wong Na'ama Koifman Tamara Thomas Robert Courtney Jamie Seymour Alex Loukas |
| author_sort | Mohammad Farouq Sharifpour |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Spirulina is an edible cyanobacterium that increasingly gaining recognition for it untapped potential in the biomanufacturing of pharmaceuticals. Despite the rapidly accumulating information on extracellular vesicles (EVs) from most other bacteria, nothing is known about Spirulina extracellular vesicles (SPEVs). This study reports the successful isolation, characterization and visualization of SPEVs for the first time and it further investigates the potential therapeutic benefits of SPEVs using a mouse model. SPEVs were isolated using ultracentrifugation and size‐exclusion‐chromatography. Cryo‐Transmission Electron Microscopy revealed pleomorphic outer‐membrane‐vesicles and outer‐inner‐membrane‐vesicles displaying diverse shapes, sizes and corona densities. To assess short‐ and long‐term immune responses, mice were injected intraperitoneally with SPEVs, which demonstrated a significant increase in neutrophils and M1 macrophages at the injection site, indicating a pro‐inflammatory effect induced by SPEVs without clinical signs of toxicity or hypersensitivity. Furthermore, SPEVs demonstrated potent adjuvanticity by enhancing antigen‐specific IgG responses in mice by over 100‐fold compared to an unadjuvanted model vaccine antigen. Mass‐spectrometry identified 54 proteins within SPEVs, including three protein superfamily members linked to the observed pro‐inflammatory effects. Our findings highlight the potential of SPEVs as a new class of vaccine adjuvant and warrant additional studies to further characterize the nature of the immune response. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c248eb968f024e2c9543b97d73ebcf52 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2768-2811 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Extracellular Biology |
| spelling | doaj-art-c248eb968f024e2c9543b97d73ebcf522024-12-20T11:54:28ZengWileyJournal of Extracellular Biology2768-28112024-12-01312n/an/a10.1002/jex2.70025Characterization of Spirulina‐derived extracellular vesicles and their potential as a vaccine adjuvantMohammad Farouq Sharifpour0Suchandan Sikder1Yide Wong2Na'ama Koifman3Tamara Thomas4Robert Courtney5Jamie Seymour6Alex Loukas7Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine James Cook University Smithfield Queensland AustraliaAustralian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine James Cook University Smithfield Queensland AustraliaAustralian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine James Cook University Smithfield Queensland AustraliaCentre for Microscopy and Microanalysis The University of Queensland St Lucia Queensland AustraliaAustralian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine James Cook University Smithfield Queensland AustraliaAustralian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine James Cook University Smithfield Queensland AustraliaAustralian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine James Cook University Smithfield Queensland AustraliaAustralian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine James Cook University Smithfield Queensland AustraliaAbstract Spirulina is an edible cyanobacterium that increasingly gaining recognition for it untapped potential in the biomanufacturing of pharmaceuticals. Despite the rapidly accumulating information on extracellular vesicles (EVs) from most other bacteria, nothing is known about Spirulina extracellular vesicles (SPEVs). This study reports the successful isolation, characterization and visualization of SPEVs for the first time and it further investigates the potential therapeutic benefits of SPEVs using a mouse model. SPEVs were isolated using ultracentrifugation and size‐exclusion‐chromatography. Cryo‐Transmission Electron Microscopy revealed pleomorphic outer‐membrane‐vesicles and outer‐inner‐membrane‐vesicles displaying diverse shapes, sizes and corona densities. To assess short‐ and long‐term immune responses, mice were injected intraperitoneally with SPEVs, which demonstrated a significant increase in neutrophils and M1 macrophages at the injection site, indicating a pro‐inflammatory effect induced by SPEVs without clinical signs of toxicity or hypersensitivity. Furthermore, SPEVs demonstrated potent adjuvanticity by enhancing antigen‐specific IgG responses in mice by over 100‐fold compared to an unadjuvanted model vaccine antigen. Mass‐spectrometry identified 54 proteins within SPEVs, including three protein superfamily members linked to the observed pro‐inflammatory effects. Our findings highlight the potential of SPEVs as a new class of vaccine adjuvant and warrant additional studies to further characterize the nature of the immune response.https://doi.org/10.1002/jex2.70025adjuvantextracellular vesicleimmune responsespirulinavaccine |
| spellingShingle | Mohammad Farouq Sharifpour Suchandan Sikder Yide Wong Na'ama Koifman Tamara Thomas Robert Courtney Jamie Seymour Alex Loukas Characterization of Spirulina‐derived extracellular vesicles and their potential as a vaccine adjuvant Journal of Extracellular Biology adjuvant extracellular vesicle immune response spirulina vaccine |
| title | Characterization of Spirulina‐derived extracellular vesicles and their potential as a vaccine adjuvant |
| title_full | Characterization of Spirulina‐derived extracellular vesicles and their potential as a vaccine adjuvant |
| title_fullStr | Characterization of Spirulina‐derived extracellular vesicles and their potential as a vaccine adjuvant |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characterization of Spirulina‐derived extracellular vesicles and their potential as a vaccine adjuvant |
| title_short | Characterization of Spirulina‐derived extracellular vesicles and their potential as a vaccine adjuvant |
| title_sort | characterization of spirulina derived extracellular vesicles and their potential as a vaccine adjuvant |
| topic | adjuvant extracellular vesicle immune response spirulina vaccine |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/jex2.70025 |
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