Gut Microbiota Modulation to Enhance Exercise Performance and Recovery - Systematic Review

Background: Recent evidence suggests that the gut microbiota can influence host metabolism, immunity, and tissue repair—processes critical for exercise performance and recovery. Objective: To synthesise human research examining whether modulation of the gut microbiota—via probiotics, prebiotics, di...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Maksymilian Czarnota, Weronika Ossowska, Wiktoria Ösztreicher
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń 2025-07-01
Series:Quality in Sport
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Online Access:https://apcz.umk.pl/QS/article/view/62420
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Summary:Background: Recent evidence suggests that the gut microbiota can influence host metabolism, immunity, and tissue repair—processes critical for exercise performance and recovery. Objective: To synthesise human research examining whether modulation of the gut microbiota—via probiotics, prebiotics, diet, or training—affects physical capacity and post-exercise recovery. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed and Scopus (until May 2025) identified peer-reviewed human studies involving gut-directed interventions or athlete comparisons reporting on physical performance, fatigue, immune response, or gut integrity. Thirty-five studies met inclusion criteria and were narratively analysed. Results: Regular endurance or mixed training increased microbial diversity, SCFA-producing taxa, and gut-barrier integrity, while excessive loads reduced diversity and increased permeability. Multi-strain probiotic or synbiotic supplementation (≥10¹⁰ CFU/day, ≥4 weeks) improved endurance, reduced muscle-damage markers, and lowered illness incidence during intense training. Fibre-rich diets enhanced beneficial taxa and reduced inflammation. Conclusions: Modulating the gut microbiota is a promising adjunct to training and nutrition strategies. Periodised probiotic use, sustained fibre intake, and personalised gut-health monitoring may optimise performance and recovery. Further well-designed, long-term trials are needed to clarify causality and refine recommendations.
ISSN:2450-3118