Design of drain tube with cone to prevent frost accumulation of drainage hole in household refrigerators using artificial neural network

The drain tube in household refrigerators serves to discharge defrost water and equalize internal and external pressure. However, its open-ended design permits humid air ingress, accelerating frost buildup and reducing system efficiency. To address this, a simplified cone-shaped drain tube was propo...

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Main Authors: Suhwan Lee, Dongkuk Kang, Jinxing Fan, Sunghee Kang, Dong Kim, Eunseop Yeom
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-10-01
Series:Case Studies in Thermal Engineering
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214157X25010615
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author Suhwan Lee
Dongkuk Kang
Jinxing Fan
Sunghee Kang
Dong Kim
Eunseop Yeom
author_facet Suhwan Lee
Dongkuk Kang
Jinxing Fan
Sunghee Kang
Dong Kim
Eunseop Yeom
author_sort Suhwan Lee
collection DOAJ
description The drain tube in household refrigerators serves to discharge defrost water and equalize internal and external pressure. However, its open-ended design permits humid air ingress, accelerating frost buildup and reducing system efficiency. To address this, a simplified cone-shaped drain tube was proposed with a focus on manufacturability. Experiments and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were conducted to investigate frost formation patterns and the effects of absolute humidity. To reduce the cost of evaluating design variations, an artificial neural network (ANN) was developed as a surrogate model trained on CFD data. The ANN accurately predicted performance based on geometric parameters, capturing nonlinear interactions among pressure release, airflow, and frost accumulation. The optimal cone-type design, predicted with a 5.12 % error margin, was fabricated via 3D printing and validated experimentally through pressure and flow rate measurements. When applied in a commercial refrigerator, the cone-type tube delayed frost blockage by more than twice and reduced negative pressure peaks caused by door opening by approximately 85 % compared to conventional designs. These results highlight the effectiveness of the AI-assisted framework for data-efficient thermal optimization and demonstrate the potential of intelligent, learning-based approaches in thermal system design.
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id doaj-art-c0aac6b8980c4f0e9af6035660d0d56f
institution Kabale University
issn 2214-157X
language English
publishDate 2025-10-01
publisher Elsevier
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series Case Studies in Thermal Engineering
spelling doaj-art-c0aac6b8980c4f0e9af6035660d0d56f2025-08-20T04:02:26ZengElsevierCase Studies in Thermal Engineering2214-157X2025-10-017410680110.1016/j.csite.2025.106801Design of drain tube with cone to prevent frost accumulation of drainage hole in household refrigerators using artificial neural networkSuhwan Lee0Dongkuk Kang1Jinxing Fan2Sunghee Kang3Dong Kim4Eunseop Yeom5School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, South KoreaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, South KoreaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, South KoreaRefrigerator Research/Engineering Division, LG Electronics, Changwon, South KoreaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ulsan, South KoreaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea; Corresponding author.The drain tube in household refrigerators serves to discharge defrost water and equalize internal and external pressure. However, its open-ended design permits humid air ingress, accelerating frost buildup and reducing system efficiency. To address this, a simplified cone-shaped drain tube was proposed with a focus on manufacturability. Experiments and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were conducted to investigate frost formation patterns and the effects of absolute humidity. To reduce the cost of evaluating design variations, an artificial neural network (ANN) was developed as a surrogate model trained on CFD data. The ANN accurately predicted performance based on geometric parameters, capturing nonlinear interactions among pressure release, airflow, and frost accumulation. The optimal cone-type design, predicted with a 5.12 % error margin, was fabricated via 3D printing and validated experimentally through pressure and flow rate measurements. When applied in a commercial refrigerator, the cone-type tube delayed frost blockage by more than twice and reduced negative pressure peaks caused by door opening by approximately 85 % compared to conventional designs. These results highlight the effectiveness of the AI-assisted framework for data-efficient thermal optimization and demonstrate the potential of intelligent, learning-based approaches in thermal system design.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214157X25010615Household refrigeratorsDrain tubeAccumulation of frostIn situ measurementsComputational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
spellingShingle Suhwan Lee
Dongkuk Kang
Jinxing Fan
Sunghee Kang
Dong Kim
Eunseop Yeom
Design of drain tube with cone to prevent frost accumulation of drainage hole in household refrigerators using artificial neural network
Case Studies in Thermal Engineering
Household refrigerators
Drain tube
Accumulation of frost
In situ measurements
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
title Design of drain tube with cone to prevent frost accumulation of drainage hole in household refrigerators using artificial neural network
title_full Design of drain tube with cone to prevent frost accumulation of drainage hole in household refrigerators using artificial neural network
title_fullStr Design of drain tube with cone to prevent frost accumulation of drainage hole in household refrigerators using artificial neural network
title_full_unstemmed Design of drain tube with cone to prevent frost accumulation of drainage hole in household refrigerators using artificial neural network
title_short Design of drain tube with cone to prevent frost accumulation of drainage hole in household refrigerators using artificial neural network
title_sort design of drain tube with cone to prevent frost accumulation of drainage hole in household refrigerators using artificial neural network
topic Household refrigerators
Drain tube
Accumulation of frost
In situ measurements
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214157X25010615
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