An overview of the prevalence of micro- and nanoplastics in the Southern African development community: a potential risk to environmental and public health

Abstract Rapid urbanisation, industrial development, and inadequate solid waste management systems, finances, and even legal frameworks have exacerbated Southern African Development Community (SADC) plastic waste and micro and nanoplastics (MNPs) proliferation, raising serious public health and ecol...

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Main Authors: Babalwa Gqomfa, Seteno Karabo Ntwampe, Boredi Silas Chidi, Thabang Maphanga, Cynthia Dlangamandla
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-07-01
Series:Discover Environment
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s44274-025-00293-9
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author Babalwa Gqomfa
Seteno Karabo Ntwampe
Boredi Silas Chidi
Thabang Maphanga
Cynthia Dlangamandla
author_facet Babalwa Gqomfa
Seteno Karabo Ntwampe
Boredi Silas Chidi
Thabang Maphanga
Cynthia Dlangamandla
author_sort Babalwa Gqomfa
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Rapid urbanisation, industrial development, and inadequate solid waste management systems, finances, and even legal frameworks have exacerbated Southern African Development Community (SADC) plastic waste and micro and nanoplastics (MNPs) proliferation, raising serious public health and ecological concerns. There is scant information on the occurrence of MNPs in the SADC, especially in rivers, streams, wetlands, and lakes which are vital as freshwater sources and food producers. This systematic review analyses the occurrence of MNPs within the water bodies of SADC. The literature, which included 84 published papers, was collected through the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology with additional literature (n = 39) that confirmed MNPs' presence in these ecosystems. Some prominent examples of water bodies that have shown the prevalence of MNPs are Namibia’s Main River and South Africa's Crocodile and Vaal Rivers. Pollution caused by urban runoff and degradation of plastic waste stemming from industrial activities is critically damaging to the environment, particularly the soil, water, food web, and biodiversity of the region. Overall, there is a dearth of research directed towards investigating the occurrence of MNPs in SADC countries with most studies concentrating on bulk plastic waste, underscoring the need for public awareness and stricter regulations on plastic production and waste to mitigate MNP pollution.
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spelling doaj-art-c06e77a644ce4a43bf4c67b1c0cc695a2025-08-20T04:01:26ZengSpringerDiscover Environment2731-94312025-07-013111810.1007/s44274-025-00293-9An overview of the prevalence of micro- and nanoplastics in the Southern African development community: a potential risk to environmental and public healthBabalwa Gqomfa0Seteno Karabo Ntwampe1Boredi Silas Chidi2Thabang Maphanga3Cynthia Dlangamandla4Faculty of Applied Sciences, Department of Environmental and Occupational Studies, Ecological Biotechnology Research Group, Cape Peninsula University of TechnologyFaculty of Applied Sciences, Department of Environmental and Occupational Studies, Ecological Biotechnology Research Group, Cape Peninsula University of TechnologyFaculty of Applied Science, Department of Biotechnology and Consumer Science, Ecological Biotechnology Research Group, Cape Peninsula University of TechnologyFaculty of Applied Sciences, Department of Environmental and Occupational Studies, Ecological Biotechnology Research Group, Cape Peninsula University of TechnologyFaculty of Applied Sciences, Department of Environmental and Occupational Studies, Ecological Biotechnology Research Group, Cape Peninsula University of TechnologyAbstract Rapid urbanisation, industrial development, and inadequate solid waste management systems, finances, and even legal frameworks have exacerbated Southern African Development Community (SADC) plastic waste and micro and nanoplastics (MNPs) proliferation, raising serious public health and ecological concerns. There is scant information on the occurrence of MNPs in the SADC, especially in rivers, streams, wetlands, and lakes which are vital as freshwater sources and food producers. This systematic review analyses the occurrence of MNPs within the water bodies of SADC. The literature, which included 84 published papers, was collected through the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology with additional literature (n = 39) that confirmed MNPs' presence in these ecosystems. Some prominent examples of water bodies that have shown the prevalence of MNPs are Namibia’s Main River and South Africa's Crocodile and Vaal Rivers. Pollution caused by urban runoff and degradation of plastic waste stemming from industrial activities is critically damaging to the environment, particularly the soil, water, food web, and biodiversity of the region. Overall, there is a dearth of research directed towards investigating the occurrence of MNPs in SADC countries with most studies concentrating on bulk plastic waste, underscoring the need for public awareness and stricter regulations on plastic production and waste to mitigate MNP pollution.https://doi.org/10.1007/s44274-025-00293-9MicroplasticNanoplasticsAquatic environmentsSADC countriesEnvironmental risksHuman health
spellingShingle Babalwa Gqomfa
Seteno Karabo Ntwampe
Boredi Silas Chidi
Thabang Maphanga
Cynthia Dlangamandla
An overview of the prevalence of micro- and nanoplastics in the Southern African development community: a potential risk to environmental and public health
Discover Environment
Microplastic
Nanoplastics
Aquatic environments
SADC countries
Environmental risks
Human health
title An overview of the prevalence of micro- and nanoplastics in the Southern African development community: a potential risk to environmental and public health
title_full An overview of the prevalence of micro- and nanoplastics in the Southern African development community: a potential risk to environmental and public health
title_fullStr An overview of the prevalence of micro- and nanoplastics in the Southern African development community: a potential risk to environmental and public health
title_full_unstemmed An overview of the prevalence of micro- and nanoplastics in the Southern African development community: a potential risk to environmental and public health
title_short An overview of the prevalence of micro- and nanoplastics in the Southern African development community: a potential risk to environmental and public health
title_sort overview of the prevalence of micro and nanoplastics in the southern african development community a potential risk to environmental and public health
topic Microplastic
Nanoplastics
Aquatic environments
SADC countries
Environmental risks
Human health
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s44274-025-00293-9
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