Outbreaks of faecal-orally transmitted diseases in displacement camps: A scoping review of pathogens, risk factors, exposure routes, and drivers of transmission
Many forcibly displaced people reside in camps characterised by precarious living conditions, exposing them to numerous health risks. This scoping review elucidated the risk factors and exposure routes implicated in outbreaks of faecal-oral pathogens in camps, as well as the context-specific drivers...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Taylor & Francis Group
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Global Public Health |
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| Online Access: | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/17441692.2024.2380847 |
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| author | Tarek Jaber Eline Boelee Julia Bleser Jamie K. Bartram |
| author_facet | Tarek Jaber Eline Boelee Julia Bleser Jamie K. Bartram |
| author_sort | Tarek Jaber |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Many forcibly displaced people reside in camps characterised by precarious living conditions, exposing them to numerous health risks. This scoping review elucidated the risk factors and exposure routes implicated in outbreaks of faecal-oral pathogens in camps, as well as the context-specific drivers of transmission that shape these outbreaks. Journal articles were identified from PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science. Portals for grey literature were also searched. A total of 48 records, published between 1937 and 2022, were included in the analysis. Cholera outbreaks were the most frequently reported. Risk factors included drinking water from shallow wells and rivers, consuming ice and leftover food, and inconsistent handwashing. These indicate exposure through vehicles of transmission in both public and domestic domains, emphasising the importance of a multipronged approach to outbreak prevention and control. Outbreaks were often exacerbated by extreme weather events and acute population influxes that damage or overwhelm water and sanitation facilities. Such shocks warrant explicit recommendations in preparedness and response guidelines. Development projects and outbreak response measures in surrounding areas may reduce the risk of importing pathogens into camps. Future research could further investigate faecal-oral pathogens other than Vibrio cholerae and analyse the co-occurrence of the identified transmission drivers. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c061f74b97794ab59b0ef0315dc9a9f6 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1744-1692 1744-1706 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Global Public Health |
| spelling | doaj-art-c061f74b97794ab59b0ef0315dc9a9f62024-12-03T19:27:48ZengTaylor & Francis GroupGlobal Public Health1744-16921744-17062024-12-0119110.1080/17441692.2024.2380847Outbreaks of faecal-orally transmitted diseases in displacement camps: A scoping review of pathogens, risk factors, exposure routes, and drivers of transmissionTarek Jaber0Eline Boelee1Julia Bleser2Jamie K. Bartram3School of Business and Economics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the NetherlandsDepartment of Freshwater Ecology and Water Quality, Deltares, Utrecht, the NetherlandsDepartment of Freshwater Ecology and Water Quality, Deltares, Utrecht, the NetherlandsDepartment of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USAMany forcibly displaced people reside in camps characterised by precarious living conditions, exposing them to numerous health risks. This scoping review elucidated the risk factors and exposure routes implicated in outbreaks of faecal-oral pathogens in camps, as well as the context-specific drivers of transmission that shape these outbreaks. Journal articles were identified from PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science. Portals for grey literature were also searched. A total of 48 records, published between 1937 and 2022, were included in the analysis. Cholera outbreaks were the most frequently reported. Risk factors included drinking water from shallow wells and rivers, consuming ice and leftover food, and inconsistent handwashing. These indicate exposure through vehicles of transmission in both public and domestic domains, emphasising the importance of a multipronged approach to outbreak prevention and control. Outbreaks were often exacerbated by extreme weather events and acute population influxes that damage or overwhelm water and sanitation facilities. Such shocks warrant explicit recommendations in preparedness and response guidelines. Development projects and outbreak response measures in surrounding areas may reduce the risk of importing pathogens into camps. Future research could further investigate faecal-oral pathogens other than Vibrio cholerae and analyse the co-occurrence of the identified transmission drivers.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/17441692.2024.2380847Epidemicsinternally displaced personsrefugeesrefugee campswaterborne diseasesSDG 6: Clean water and sanitation |
| spellingShingle | Tarek Jaber Eline Boelee Julia Bleser Jamie K. Bartram Outbreaks of faecal-orally transmitted diseases in displacement camps: A scoping review of pathogens, risk factors, exposure routes, and drivers of transmission Global Public Health Epidemics internally displaced persons refugees refugee camps waterborne diseases SDG 6: Clean water and sanitation |
| title | Outbreaks of faecal-orally transmitted diseases in displacement camps: A scoping review of pathogens, risk factors, exposure routes, and drivers of transmission |
| title_full | Outbreaks of faecal-orally transmitted diseases in displacement camps: A scoping review of pathogens, risk factors, exposure routes, and drivers of transmission |
| title_fullStr | Outbreaks of faecal-orally transmitted diseases in displacement camps: A scoping review of pathogens, risk factors, exposure routes, and drivers of transmission |
| title_full_unstemmed | Outbreaks of faecal-orally transmitted diseases in displacement camps: A scoping review of pathogens, risk factors, exposure routes, and drivers of transmission |
| title_short | Outbreaks of faecal-orally transmitted diseases in displacement camps: A scoping review of pathogens, risk factors, exposure routes, and drivers of transmission |
| title_sort | outbreaks of faecal orally transmitted diseases in displacement camps a scoping review of pathogens risk factors exposure routes and drivers of transmission |
| topic | Epidemics internally displaced persons refugees refugee camps waterborne diseases SDG 6: Clean water and sanitation |
| url | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/17441692.2024.2380847 |
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