Gut Microbiome Implication and Modulation in the Management of Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common bacterial infections, affecting more than 150 million people each year in the world. UTIs have grown exponentially in the last few years. They represent a major load for both individuals and society. The highest incidence (about 55–60%) conc...
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MDPI AG
2024-11-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/13/12/1028 |
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| author | Mattia Brigida Angela Saviano Carmine Petruzziello Luca Luigi Manetti Alessio Migneco Veronica Ojetti |
| author_facet | Mattia Brigida Angela Saviano Carmine Petruzziello Luca Luigi Manetti Alessio Migneco Veronica Ojetti |
| author_sort | Mattia Brigida |
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| description | Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common bacterial infections, affecting more than 150 million people each year in the world. UTIs have grown exponentially in the last few years. They represent a major load for both individuals and society. The highest incidence (about 55–60%) concerns women. Many pathogens are involved in UTIs, most of which are derived from the gut. Recent studies, together with recent diagnostic techniques (such as quantitative culture of urine or next-generation sequencing), have improved the knowledge of microbial communities in the urinary tract. It turned out that gut dysbiosis is strictly involved in the pathogenesis of UTIs. In particular, the human gut is the natural habitat for <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>), the main bacterium responsible for UTIs. The overgrowth of <i>E. coli</i> pathogenic strains represents a risk factor for them. Furthermore, the human gut microbiota acts as a “global reservoir” for genes conferring resistance to clinically relevant antibiotics, thus influencing the treatment of UTIs. In addition, differently from the past, the idea of a sterile urinary environment has been replaced by the characterization of a urinary microbiome. The aim of our review is to explore recent studies on the association between gut microbiota and urinary microbiome and to summarize the current knowledge about the effects of interactions between gut and urinary microbial communities in the pathogenesis of UTIs, considering UTIs more as a “gut disease” and not only a urinary disease and providing new insight into the therapeutic options such as the use of probiotics. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c00a5d4ef1d041a3989d1f5ca6dadff2 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj-art-c00a5d4ef1d041a3989d1f5ca6dadff22024-12-27T14:45:11ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172024-11-011312102810.3390/pathogens13121028Gut Microbiome Implication and Modulation in the Management of Recurrent Urinary Tract InfectionMattia Brigida0Angela Saviano1Carmine Petruzziello2Luca Luigi Manetti3Alessio Migneco4Veronica Ojetti5Gastroenterology Department, Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, ItalyEmergency Department, Ospedale Policlinico A. Gemelli, 00168 Rome, ItalyEmergency Department, Ospedale San Carlo di Nancy, GVM Care & Research, 00165 Rome, ItalyEmergency Department, Ospedale San Carlo di Nancy, GVM Care & Research, 00165 Rome, ItalyEmergency Department, Ospedale Policlinico A. Gemelli, 00168 Rome, ItalyInternal Medicine Department, San Carlo di Nancy Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 00165 Rome, ItalyUrinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common bacterial infections, affecting more than 150 million people each year in the world. UTIs have grown exponentially in the last few years. They represent a major load for both individuals and society. The highest incidence (about 55–60%) concerns women. Many pathogens are involved in UTIs, most of which are derived from the gut. Recent studies, together with recent diagnostic techniques (such as quantitative culture of urine or next-generation sequencing), have improved the knowledge of microbial communities in the urinary tract. It turned out that gut dysbiosis is strictly involved in the pathogenesis of UTIs. In particular, the human gut is the natural habitat for <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>), the main bacterium responsible for UTIs. The overgrowth of <i>E. coli</i> pathogenic strains represents a risk factor for them. Furthermore, the human gut microbiota acts as a “global reservoir” for genes conferring resistance to clinically relevant antibiotics, thus influencing the treatment of UTIs. In addition, differently from the past, the idea of a sterile urinary environment has been replaced by the characterization of a urinary microbiome. The aim of our review is to explore recent studies on the association between gut microbiota and urinary microbiome and to summarize the current knowledge about the effects of interactions between gut and urinary microbial communities in the pathogenesis of UTIs, considering UTIs more as a “gut disease” and not only a urinary disease and providing new insight into the therapeutic options such as the use of probiotics.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/13/12/1028urinary tract infectiongut microbiotaprobiotics<i>Escherichia coli</i>antibioticsurobiome |
| spellingShingle | Mattia Brigida Angela Saviano Carmine Petruzziello Luca Luigi Manetti Alessio Migneco Veronica Ojetti Gut Microbiome Implication and Modulation in the Management of Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection Pathogens urinary tract infection gut microbiota probiotics <i>Escherichia coli</i> antibiotics urobiome |
| title | Gut Microbiome Implication and Modulation in the Management of Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection |
| title_full | Gut Microbiome Implication and Modulation in the Management of Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection |
| title_fullStr | Gut Microbiome Implication and Modulation in the Management of Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection |
| title_full_unstemmed | Gut Microbiome Implication and Modulation in the Management of Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection |
| title_short | Gut Microbiome Implication and Modulation in the Management of Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection |
| title_sort | gut microbiome implication and modulation in the management of recurrent urinary tract infection |
| topic | urinary tract infection gut microbiota probiotics <i>Escherichia coli</i> antibiotics urobiome |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/13/12/1028 |
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