Metagenome Analysis Identified Novel Microbial Diversity of Sandy Soils Surrounded by Natural Lakes and Artificial Water Points in King Salman Bin Abdulaziz Royal Natural Reserve, Saudi Arabia

Background: Soil microbes play a vital role in the ecosystem as they are able to carry out a number of vital tasks. Additionally, metagenomic studies offer valuable insights into the composition and functional potential of soil microbial communities. Furthermore, analyzing the obtained data can impr...

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Main Authors: Yahya S. Al-Awthan, Rashid Mir, Fuad A. Alatawi, Abdulaziz S. Alatawi, Fahad M. Almutairi, Tamer Khafaga, Wael M. Shohdi, Amal M. Fakhry, Basmah M. Alharbi
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Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Life
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/14/12/1692
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author Yahya S. Al-Awthan
Rashid Mir
Fuad A. Alatawi
Abdulaziz S. Alatawi
Fahad M. Almutairi
Tamer Khafaga
Wael M. Shohdi
Amal M. Fakhry
Basmah M. Alharbi
author_facet Yahya S. Al-Awthan
Rashid Mir
Fuad A. Alatawi
Abdulaziz S. Alatawi
Fahad M. Almutairi
Tamer Khafaga
Wael M. Shohdi
Amal M. Fakhry
Basmah M. Alharbi
author_sort Yahya S. Al-Awthan
collection DOAJ
description Background: Soil microbes play a vital role in the ecosystem as they are able to carry out a number of vital tasks. Additionally, metagenomic studies offer valuable insights into the composition and functional potential of soil microbial communities. Furthermore, analyzing the obtained data can improve agricultural restoration practices and aid in developing more effective environmental management strategies. Methodology: In November 2023, sandy soil samples were collected from ten sites of different geographical areas surrounding natural lakes and artificial water points in the Tubaiq conservation area of King Salman Bin Abdulaziz Royal Natural Reserve (KSRNR), Saudi Arabia. In addition, genomic DNA was extracted from the collected soil samples, and 16S rRNA sequencing was conducted using high-throughput Illumina technology. Several computational analysis tools were used for gene prediction and taxonomic classification of the microbial groups. Results: In this study, sandy soil samples from the surroundings of natural and artificial water resources of two distinct natures were used. Based on 16S rRNA sequencing, a total of 24,563 OTUs were detected. The metagenomic information was then categorized into 446 orders, 1036 families, 4102 genera, 213 classes, and 181 phyla. Moreover, the phylum <i>Pseudomonadota</i> was the most dominant microbial community across all samples, representing an average relative abundance of 34%. In addition, <i>Actinomycetes</i> was the most abundant class (26%). The analysis of clustered proteins assigned to COG categories provides a detailed understanding of the functional capabilities and adaptation of microbial communities in soil samples. Amino acid metabolism and transport were the most abundant categories in the soil environment. Conclusions: Metagenome analysis of sandy soils surrounding natural lakes and artificial water points in the Tubaiq conservation area of KSRNR (Saudi Arabia) has unveils rich microbial activity, highlighting the complex interactions and ecological roles of microbial communities in these environments.
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spelling doaj-art-bfee6a61661942dab8337dc806c548142024-12-27T14:36:19ZengMDPI AGLife2075-17292024-12-011412169210.3390/life14121692Metagenome Analysis Identified Novel Microbial Diversity of Sandy Soils Surrounded by Natural Lakes and Artificial Water Points in King Salman Bin Abdulaziz Royal Natural Reserve, Saudi ArabiaYahya S. Al-Awthan0Rashid Mir1Fuad A. Alatawi2Abdulaziz S. Alatawi3Fahad M. Almutairi4Tamer Khafaga5Wael M. Shohdi6Amal M. Fakhry7Basmah M. Alharbi8Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Medical Laboratory Technology, Prince Fahad Bin Sultan Chair for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi ArabiaKing Salman Bin Abdulaziz Royal Natural Reserve Development Authority, Riyadh 12213, Saudi ArabiaKing Salman Bin Abdulaziz Royal Natural Reserve Development Authority, Riyadh 12213, Saudi ArabiaBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21568, EgyptDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi ArabiaBackground: Soil microbes play a vital role in the ecosystem as they are able to carry out a number of vital tasks. Additionally, metagenomic studies offer valuable insights into the composition and functional potential of soil microbial communities. Furthermore, analyzing the obtained data can improve agricultural restoration practices and aid in developing more effective environmental management strategies. Methodology: In November 2023, sandy soil samples were collected from ten sites of different geographical areas surrounding natural lakes and artificial water points in the Tubaiq conservation area of King Salman Bin Abdulaziz Royal Natural Reserve (KSRNR), Saudi Arabia. In addition, genomic DNA was extracted from the collected soil samples, and 16S rRNA sequencing was conducted using high-throughput Illumina technology. Several computational analysis tools were used for gene prediction and taxonomic classification of the microbial groups. Results: In this study, sandy soil samples from the surroundings of natural and artificial water resources of two distinct natures were used. Based on 16S rRNA sequencing, a total of 24,563 OTUs were detected. The metagenomic information was then categorized into 446 orders, 1036 families, 4102 genera, 213 classes, and 181 phyla. Moreover, the phylum <i>Pseudomonadota</i> was the most dominant microbial community across all samples, representing an average relative abundance of 34%. In addition, <i>Actinomycetes</i> was the most abundant class (26%). The analysis of clustered proteins assigned to COG categories provides a detailed understanding of the functional capabilities and adaptation of microbial communities in soil samples. Amino acid metabolism and transport were the most abundant categories in the soil environment. Conclusions: Metagenome analysis of sandy soils surrounding natural lakes and artificial water points in the Tubaiq conservation area of KSRNR (Saudi Arabia) has unveils rich microbial activity, highlighting the complex interactions and ecological roles of microbial communities in these environments.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/14/12/1692metagenome analysisbacterial communitysandy soils16S rRNA genenext-generation sequencingnatural reserve
spellingShingle Yahya S. Al-Awthan
Rashid Mir
Fuad A. Alatawi
Abdulaziz S. Alatawi
Fahad M. Almutairi
Tamer Khafaga
Wael M. Shohdi
Amal M. Fakhry
Basmah M. Alharbi
Metagenome Analysis Identified Novel Microbial Diversity of Sandy Soils Surrounded by Natural Lakes and Artificial Water Points in King Salman Bin Abdulaziz Royal Natural Reserve, Saudi Arabia
Life
metagenome analysis
bacterial community
sandy soils
16S rRNA gene
next-generation sequencing
natural reserve
title Metagenome Analysis Identified Novel Microbial Diversity of Sandy Soils Surrounded by Natural Lakes and Artificial Water Points in King Salman Bin Abdulaziz Royal Natural Reserve, Saudi Arabia
title_full Metagenome Analysis Identified Novel Microbial Diversity of Sandy Soils Surrounded by Natural Lakes and Artificial Water Points in King Salman Bin Abdulaziz Royal Natural Reserve, Saudi Arabia
title_fullStr Metagenome Analysis Identified Novel Microbial Diversity of Sandy Soils Surrounded by Natural Lakes and Artificial Water Points in King Salman Bin Abdulaziz Royal Natural Reserve, Saudi Arabia
title_full_unstemmed Metagenome Analysis Identified Novel Microbial Diversity of Sandy Soils Surrounded by Natural Lakes and Artificial Water Points in King Salman Bin Abdulaziz Royal Natural Reserve, Saudi Arabia
title_short Metagenome Analysis Identified Novel Microbial Diversity of Sandy Soils Surrounded by Natural Lakes and Artificial Water Points in King Salman Bin Abdulaziz Royal Natural Reserve, Saudi Arabia
title_sort metagenome analysis identified novel microbial diversity of sandy soils surrounded by natural lakes and artificial water points in king salman bin abdulaziz royal natural reserve saudi arabia
topic metagenome analysis
bacterial community
sandy soils
16S rRNA gene
next-generation sequencing
natural reserve
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/14/12/1692
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