Association of sperm protamine1 and protamine2 transcript content with paternal age: A cross-sectional study
Background: Over the last decade, there has been a significant increase in average paternal age. Objective: The present study investigated the effects of male age on sperm parameters, DNA fragmentation, and protamine1 (PRM1) and protamine2 (PRM2) transcript content in normozoospermic men. Mat...
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences
2025-08-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://knepublishing.com/index.php/ijrm/article/view/19404 |
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| Summary: | Background: Over the last decade, there has been a significant increase in average paternal age.
Objective: The present study investigated the effects of male age on sperm parameters, DNA fragmentation, and protamine1 (PRM1) and protamine2 (PRM2) transcript content in normozoospermic men.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 106 semen samples from normozoospermic men were obtained. The objects were divided into 3 age groups: 20–25, 30–35, and 40–45 yr. Sperm parameters and DNA fragmentation were assessed, and transcript levels of PRM1 and PRM2 were analyzed in ejaculated spermatozoa.
Results: The highest levels of sperm concentration, motility, and normal morphology were observed in men aged between 20 and 25 yr. Significant declines were seen in sperm total motility (p = 0.006) and normal morphology (p = 0.015) after 40 yr compared to younger men. Significantly (p < 0.001) higher levels of DNA damage were seen in 40–45-yr-old men. DNA fragmentation correlated significantly with sperm total motility (r = -0.242, p = 0.012) and normal morphology (r = -0.257, p = 0.008). The lowest levels of PRM1 and PRM2 transcripts were seen in 40–45-yr-old men. DNA damage was significantly associated with reduced transcript levels of PRM1 (r = -0.453, p = 0.018) and PRM2 (r = -0.492, p = 0.009). Transcript levels of PRM1 and PRM2 in ejaculated spermatozoa were correlated significantly with the age of men.
Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate age-related changes in sperm PRM1 and PRM2 transcript content and their correlations with sperm parameters and DNA fragmentation.
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| ISSN: | 2476-4108 2476-3772 |