Snag distributions in relation to human access in ponderosa pine forests

Abstract Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests in western North America provide habitat for numerous cavity‐using wildlife species that often select large‐diameter snags for nesting and roosting. Yet large snags are often removed for their commercial and firewood values. Consequently we evaluated...

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Main Authors: Jeff P. Hollenbeck, Lisa J. Bate, Victoria A. Saab, John F. Lehmkuhl
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2013-06-01
Series:Wildlife Society Bulletin
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.252
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author Jeff P. Hollenbeck
Lisa J. Bate
Victoria A. Saab
John F. Lehmkuhl
author_facet Jeff P. Hollenbeck
Lisa J. Bate
Victoria A. Saab
John F. Lehmkuhl
author_sort Jeff P. Hollenbeck
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests in western North America provide habitat for numerous cavity‐using wildlife species that often select large‐diameter snags for nesting and roosting. Yet large snags are often removed for their commercial and firewood values. Consequently we evaluated effects of human access on snag densities and diameter‐class distributions at nine locations in ponderosa pine forests throughout the interior western United States. We found no relationship between small‐diameter (23–50 cm diam breast ht [dbh]) snags and human access measures (i.e., road density, distance to nearest town, and topography). However, large‐snag (≥50 cm dbh) density was best predicted by road density, which suggested a decline, on average, of 0.7 large snags/ha for every km of road/km2. Most locations had relatively high densities of small‐diameter snags (<23 cm dbh) and diminishing density as diameter class increased. Idaho and Colorado study locations had higher snag densities in the largest diameter classes compared with remaining locations. These locations experienced minimal commercial timber harvest, were situated far from towns, and had few or no roads. Persistence of large‐diameter snags and adequate snag densities for wildlife requires consideration of human access characteristics at coarse spatial scales. Snag management guidelines may need to incorporate these measures and focus more on retention of large‐diameter snags than minimum density targets. © 2013 The Wildlife Society.
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spelling doaj-art-bf7aaa81b5ca4a12aad0578def284d9a2024-12-16T11:45:50ZengWileyWildlife Society Bulletin2328-55402013-06-0137225626610.1002/wsb.252Snag distributions in relation to human access in ponderosa pine forestsJeff P. Hollenbeck0Lisa J. Bate1Victoria A. Saab2John F. Lehmkuhl3United States Forest ServiceRocky Mountain Research StationMontana State University CampusBozemanMT 59717USAGlacier National Park389 LaBrant RoadKalispellMT 59901USAUnited States Forest ServiceRocky Mountain Research StationMontana State University CampusBozemanMT 59717USAUnited States Forest ServicePacific Northwest Research Station1133 N. Western Ave.WenatcheeWA 98801USAAbstract Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests in western North America provide habitat for numerous cavity‐using wildlife species that often select large‐diameter snags for nesting and roosting. Yet large snags are often removed for their commercial and firewood values. Consequently we evaluated effects of human access on snag densities and diameter‐class distributions at nine locations in ponderosa pine forests throughout the interior western United States. We found no relationship between small‐diameter (23–50 cm diam breast ht [dbh]) snags and human access measures (i.e., road density, distance to nearest town, and topography). However, large‐snag (≥50 cm dbh) density was best predicted by road density, which suggested a decline, on average, of 0.7 large snags/ha for every km of road/km2. Most locations had relatively high densities of small‐diameter snags (<23 cm dbh) and diminishing density as diameter class increased. Idaho and Colorado study locations had higher snag densities in the largest diameter classes compared with remaining locations. These locations experienced minimal commercial timber harvest, were situated far from towns, and had few or no roads. Persistence of large‐diameter snags and adequate snag densities for wildlife requires consideration of human access characteristics at coarse spatial scales. Snag management guidelines may need to incorporate these measures and focus more on retention of large‐diameter snags than minimum density targets. © 2013 The Wildlife Society.https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.252cavity‐userhuman accessponderosa pineroad densitysnag densitiessnag diameter distribution
spellingShingle Jeff P. Hollenbeck
Lisa J. Bate
Victoria A. Saab
John F. Lehmkuhl
Snag distributions in relation to human access in ponderosa pine forests
Wildlife Society Bulletin
cavity‐user
human access
ponderosa pine
road density
snag densities
snag diameter distribution
title Snag distributions in relation to human access in ponderosa pine forests
title_full Snag distributions in relation to human access in ponderosa pine forests
title_fullStr Snag distributions in relation to human access in ponderosa pine forests
title_full_unstemmed Snag distributions in relation to human access in ponderosa pine forests
title_short Snag distributions in relation to human access in ponderosa pine forests
title_sort snag distributions in relation to human access in ponderosa pine forests
topic cavity‐user
human access
ponderosa pine
road density
snag densities
snag diameter distribution
url https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.252
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AT johnflehmkuhl snagdistributionsinrelationtohumanaccessinponderosapineforests