Solvent free UV curable waterborne polyurethane acrylate coatings with enhanced hydrophobicity induced by a semi interpenetrating polymer network
Abstract This study presents the synthesis and characterization of solvent-free, UV-curable waterborne polyurethane-acrylate (WPUA) coatings using a semi-interpenetrating polymer network (sIPN) technique, aiming to develop durable, high-performance eco-friendly coatings. The WPUA formulations consis...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-04739-1 |
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| author | Ali Reza Banan |
| author_facet | Ali Reza Banan |
| author_sort | Ali Reza Banan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract This study presents the synthesis and characterization of solvent-free, UV-curable waterborne polyurethane-acrylate (WPUA) coatings using a semi-interpenetrating polymer network (sIPN) technique, aiming to develop durable, high-performance eco-friendly coatings. The WPUA formulations consisted of a urethane backbone created from polytetrahydrofuran (PTHF) and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), combined with urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) to introduce acrylate functionality. The synthesized coatings were thoroughly analyzed to assess their morphology, thermal stability, spectroscopic characteristics, water absorption, adhesion strength, and mechanical properties. The design of experiments (DoE) approach was applied to optimize film characteristics, particularly tensile strength. Mechanical testing revealed that incorporating UDMA into the WPUA matrix significantly improved tensile strength, increasing from 4.1 MPa to 8.8 MPa in the optimized formulation. The increase in the cross-cut adhesion test rating from 3B to 5B demonstrates that UV curing significantly enhanced adhesion. Furthermore, the addition of UDMA increased hydrophobicity, reducing water absorption and raising the water contact angle from 67° to 83°.These results indicate that the UV-cured WPUA films possess superior mechanical properties, thermal stability, and water resistance, making them viable options for sustainable coating applications. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-beebe4f3392247b190c233ad4b51ff60 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-beebe4f3392247b190c233ad4b51ff602025-08-20T04:01:41ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111410.1038/s41598-025-04739-1Solvent free UV curable waterborne polyurethane acrylate coatings with enhanced hydrophobicity induced by a semi interpenetrating polymer networkAli Reza Banan0Department of Organic Chemistry, Imam Hossein UniversityAbstract This study presents the synthesis and characterization of solvent-free, UV-curable waterborne polyurethane-acrylate (WPUA) coatings using a semi-interpenetrating polymer network (sIPN) technique, aiming to develop durable, high-performance eco-friendly coatings. The WPUA formulations consisted of a urethane backbone created from polytetrahydrofuran (PTHF) and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), combined with urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) to introduce acrylate functionality. The synthesized coatings were thoroughly analyzed to assess their morphology, thermal stability, spectroscopic characteristics, water absorption, adhesion strength, and mechanical properties. The design of experiments (DoE) approach was applied to optimize film characteristics, particularly tensile strength. Mechanical testing revealed that incorporating UDMA into the WPUA matrix significantly improved tensile strength, increasing from 4.1 MPa to 8.8 MPa in the optimized formulation. The increase in the cross-cut adhesion test rating from 3B to 5B demonstrates that UV curing significantly enhanced adhesion. Furthermore, the addition of UDMA increased hydrophobicity, reducing water absorption and raising the water contact angle from 67° to 83°.These results indicate that the UV-cured WPUA films possess superior mechanical properties, thermal stability, and water resistance, making them viable options for sustainable coating applications.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-04739-1Waterborne polyurethane-acrylateSemi interpenetrating polymer networkUrethane dimethacrylateDesign of experimentsUV-curingPolytetrahydrofuran |
| spellingShingle | Ali Reza Banan Solvent free UV curable waterborne polyurethane acrylate coatings with enhanced hydrophobicity induced by a semi interpenetrating polymer network Scientific Reports Waterborne polyurethane-acrylate Semi interpenetrating polymer network Urethane dimethacrylate Design of experiments UV-curing Polytetrahydrofuran |
| title | Solvent free UV curable waterborne polyurethane acrylate coatings with enhanced hydrophobicity induced by a semi interpenetrating polymer network |
| title_full | Solvent free UV curable waterborne polyurethane acrylate coatings with enhanced hydrophobicity induced by a semi interpenetrating polymer network |
| title_fullStr | Solvent free UV curable waterborne polyurethane acrylate coatings with enhanced hydrophobicity induced by a semi interpenetrating polymer network |
| title_full_unstemmed | Solvent free UV curable waterborne polyurethane acrylate coatings with enhanced hydrophobicity induced by a semi interpenetrating polymer network |
| title_short | Solvent free UV curable waterborne polyurethane acrylate coatings with enhanced hydrophobicity induced by a semi interpenetrating polymer network |
| title_sort | solvent free uv curable waterborne polyurethane acrylate coatings with enhanced hydrophobicity induced by a semi interpenetrating polymer network |
| topic | Waterborne polyurethane-acrylate Semi interpenetrating polymer network Urethane dimethacrylate Design of experiments UV-curing Polytetrahydrofuran |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-04739-1 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT alirezabanan solventfreeuvcurablewaterbornepolyurethaneacrylatecoatingswithenhancedhydrophobicityinducedbyasemiinterpenetratingpolymernetwork |