Viscous methylene blue formulation for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in dentistry
Abstract Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is a promising strategy to combat resistant microbial strains. However, despite its high in vitro efficacy, clinical outcomes often fall short, largely due to insufficient retention of the photosensitizer (PS) at the target site. Factors such as sal...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Nature Portfolio
2025-05-01
|
| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-98568-x |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1849312200383004672 |
|---|---|
| author | Carolina Montovam Monteiro José Marcelo Lacerda Alves Gonçalves Gabriela Benedito Machado Orlando Chiarelli-Neto Renato Araújo Prates Céline Frochot Christiane Pavani |
| author_facet | Carolina Montovam Monteiro José Marcelo Lacerda Alves Gonçalves Gabriela Benedito Machado Orlando Chiarelli-Neto Renato Araújo Prates Céline Frochot Christiane Pavani |
| author_sort | Carolina Montovam Monteiro |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is a promising strategy to combat resistant microbial strains. However, despite its high in vitro efficacy, clinical outcomes often fall short, largely due to insufficient retention of the photosensitizer (PS) at the target site. Factors such as salivary flow and PS aggregation significantly hinder the effectiveness of aPDT. This study presents the development of a high-viscosity methylene blue (MB) formulation tailored for dental aPDT applications. The increased viscosity aims to enhance PS retention at the treatment site, while carefully selected components address MB aggregation, ultimately improving the clinical efficacy of the therapy. Key formulation strategies included the incorporation of a surfactant, anionic polymers, an acidic pH, and reduced MB concentrations to effectively mitigate aggregation. Stability testing demonstrated that the formulation preserved its organoleptic properties, pH, and MB content over 1 year. Although the formulation exhibited lower MB uptake in Candida albicans biofilms compared to aqueous MB, this did not compromise its antimicrobial activity. In vitro aPDT assays showed comparable efficacy between MB in water and the high-viscosity formulation. These findings highlight the potential of the developed viscous MB formulation to enhance the practicality and clinical success of aPDT in dentistry, without compromising its therapeutic effectiveness. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-beb1e9d7e1ff48f99c7f1f924a1be2c0 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-beb1e9d7e1ff48f99c7f1f924a1be2c02025-08-20T03:53:11ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-05-0115111310.1038/s41598-025-98568-xViscous methylene blue formulation for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in dentistryCarolina Montovam Monteiro0José Marcelo Lacerda Alves Gonçalves1Gabriela Benedito Machado2Orlando Chiarelli-Neto3Renato Araújo Prates4Céline Frochot5Christiane Pavani6Biophotonics Medicine Postgraduate Program, Universidade Nove de JulhoBiophotonics Medicine Postgraduate Program, Universidade Nove de JulhoBiophotonics Medicine Postgraduate Program, Universidade Nove de JulhoCentro Universitário do Espírito SantoBiophotonics Medicine Postgraduate Program, Universidade Nove de JulhoCNRS, Université de LorraineBiophotonics Medicine Postgraduate Program, Universidade Nove de JulhoAbstract Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is a promising strategy to combat resistant microbial strains. However, despite its high in vitro efficacy, clinical outcomes often fall short, largely due to insufficient retention of the photosensitizer (PS) at the target site. Factors such as salivary flow and PS aggregation significantly hinder the effectiveness of aPDT. This study presents the development of a high-viscosity methylene blue (MB) formulation tailored for dental aPDT applications. The increased viscosity aims to enhance PS retention at the treatment site, while carefully selected components address MB aggregation, ultimately improving the clinical efficacy of the therapy. Key formulation strategies included the incorporation of a surfactant, anionic polymers, an acidic pH, and reduced MB concentrations to effectively mitigate aggregation. Stability testing demonstrated that the formulation preserved its organoleptic properties, pH, and MB content over 1 year. Although the formulation exhibited lower MB uptake in Candida albicans biofilms compared to aqueous MB, this did not compromise its antimicrobial activity. In vitro aPDT assays showed comparable efficacy between MB in water and the high-viscosity formulation. These findings highlight the potential of the developed viscous MB formulation to enhance the practicality and clinical success of aPDT in dentistry, without compromising its therapeutic effectiveness.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-98568-xPhotochemotherapyMethylene BlueMetachromacyAggregationBiofilmCandida albicans |
| spellingShingle | Carolina Montovam Monteiro José Marcelo Lacerda Alves Gonçalves Gabriela Benedito Machado Orlando Chiarelli-Neto Renato Araújo Prates Céline Frochot Christiane Pavani Viscous methylene blue formulation for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in dentistry Scientific Reports Photochemotherapy Methylene Blue Metachromacy Aggregation Biofilm Candida albicans |
| title | Viscous methylene blue formulation for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in dentistry |
| title_full | Viscous methylene blue formulation for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in dentistry |
| title_fullStr | Viscous methylene blue formulation for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in dentistry |
| title_full_unstemmed | Viscous methylene blue formulation for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in dentistry |
| title_short | Viscous methylene blue formulation for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in dentistry |
| title_sort | viscous methylene blue formulation for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in dentistry |
| topic | Photochemotherapy Methylene Blue Metachromacy Aggregation Biofilm Candida albicans |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-98568-x |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT carolinamontovammonteiro viscousmethyleneblueformulationforantimicrobialphotodynamictherapyindentistry AT josemarcelolacerdaalvesgoncalves viscousmethyleneblueformulationforantimicrobialphotodynamictherapyindentistry AT gabrielabeneditomachado viscousmethyleneblueformulationforantimicrobialphotodynamictherapyindentistry AT orlandochiarellineto viscousmethyleneblueformulationforantimicrobialphotodynamictherapyindentistry AT renatoaraujoprates viscousmethyleneblueformulationforantimicrobialphotodynamictherapyindentistry AT celinefrochot viscousmethyleneblueformulationforantimicrobialphotodynamictherapyindentistry AT christianepavani viscousmethyleneblueformulationforantimicrobialphotodynamictherapyindentistry |