Raman, MIR, VNIR, and LIBS Spectra of Szomolnokite, Rozenite, and Melanterite: Martian Implications

Different sulfates (Ca-, Mg, and Fe- sulfates) have been extensively detected on the Martian surface. As one of the Martian sulfates, the presence of ferrous sulfates will provide valuable clues about the redox environment, hydrological processes, and climatic history of ancient Mars. In this study,...

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Main Authors: Xiai Zhuo, Ruize Zhang, Erbin Shi, Jiahui Liu, Zongcheng Ling
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Universe
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/10/12/462
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author Xiai Zhuo
Ruize Zhang
Erbin Shi
Jiahui Liu
Zongcheng Ling
author_facet Xiai Zhuo
Ruize Zhang
Erbin Shi
Jiahui Liu
Zongcheng Ling
author_sort Xiai Zhuo
collection DOAJ
description Different sulfates (Ca-, Mg, and Fe- sulfates) have been extensively detected on the Martian surface. As one of the Martian sulfates, the presence of ferrous sulfates will provide valuable clues about the redox environment, hydrological processes, and climatic history of ancient Mars. In this study, three hydrated ferrous sulfates were prepared in the laboratory by heating dehydration reactions. These samples were analyzed using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) to confirm their phase and homogeneity. Subsequently, Raman, mid-infrared (MIR) spectra, visible near-infrared (VNIR) spectra, and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) were measured and analyzed. The results demonstrate that the spectra of three hydrated ferrous sulfates exhibit distinctive features (e.g., the <i>v</i><sub>1</sub> and <i>v</i><sub>3</sub> features of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>−</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> tetrahedra in their Raman and MIR spectra) that can offer new insights for identifying different ferrous sulfates on Mars and aid in the interpretation of in-situ data collected by instruments such as the Scanning Habitable Environments with Raman & Luminescence for Organics & Chemicals (SHERLOC), SuperCam, and ChemCam, etc.
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publishDate 2024-12-01
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spelling doaj-art-be7eb17c3d9c43af904913da8ab842572024-12-27T14:57:19ZengMDPI AGUniverse2218-19972024-12-01101246210.3390/universe10120462Raman, MIR, VNIR, and LIBS Spectra of Szomolnokite, Rozenite, and Melanterite: Martian ImplicationsXiai Zhuo0Ruize Zhang1Erbin Shi2Jiahui Liu3Zongcheng Ling4Shandong Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment, School of Space Science and Technology, Institute of Space Sciences, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, ChinaShandong Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment, School of Space Science and Technology, Institute of Space Sciences, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, ChinaShandong Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment, School of Space Science and Technology, Institute of Space Sciences, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, ChinaShandong Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment, School of Space Science and Technology, Institute of Space Sciences, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, ChinaShandong Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment, School of Space Science and Technology, Institute of Space Sciences, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, ChinaDifferent sulfates (Ca-, Mg, and Fe- sulfates) have been extensively detected on the Martian surface. As one of the Martian sulfates, the presence of ferrous sulfates will provide valuable clues about the redox environment, hydrological processes, and climatic history of ancient Mars. In this study, three hydrated ferrous sulfates were prepared in the laboratory by heating dehydration reactions. These samples were analyzed using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) to confirm their phase and homogeneity. Subsequently, Raman, mid-infrared (MIR) spectra, visible near-infrared (VNIR) spectra, and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) were measured and analyzed. The results demonstrate that the spectra of three hydrated ferrous sulfates exhibit distinctive features (e.g., the <i>v</i><sub>1</sub> and <i>v</i><sub>3</sub> features of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>−</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> tetrahedra in their Raman and MIR spectra) that can offer new insights for identifying different ferrous sulfates on Mars and aid in the interpretation of in-situ data collected by instruments such as the Scanning Habitable Environments with Raman & Luminescence for Organics & Chemicals (SHERLOC), SuperCam, and ChemCam, etc.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/10/12/462mineralogyferrous sulfatesspectroscopyMarsplanetary science
spellingShingle Xiai Zhuo
Ruize Zhang
Erbin Shi
Jiahui Liu
Zongcheng Ling
Raman, MIR, VNIR, and LIBS Spectra of Szomolnokite, Rozenite, and Melanterite: Martian Implications
Universe
mineralogy
ferrous sulfates
spectroscopy
Mars
planetary science
title Raman, MIR, VNIR, and LIBS Spectra of Szomolnokite, Rozenite, and Melanterite: Martian Implications
title_full Raman, MIR, VNIR, and LIBS Spectra of Szomolnokite, Rozenite, and Melanterite: Martian Implications
title_fullStr Raman, MIR, VNIR, and LIBS Spectra of Szomolnokite, Rozenite, and Melanterite: Martian Implications
title_full_unstemmed Raman, MIR, VNIR, and LIBS Spectra of Szomolnokite, Rozenite, and Melanterite: Martian Implications
title_short Raman, MIR, VNIR, and LIBS Spectra of Szomolnokite, Rozenite, and Melanterite: Martian Implications
title_sort raman mir vnir and libs spectra of szomolnokite rozenite and melanterite martian implications
topic mineralogy
ferrous sulfates
spectroscopy
Mars
planetary science
url https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/10/12/462
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AT erbinshi ramanmirvnirandlibsspectraofszomolnokiterozeniteandmelanteritemartianimplications
AT jiahuiliu ramanmirvnirandlibsspectraofszomolnokiterozeniteandmelanteritemartianimplications
AT zongchengling ramanmirvnirandlibsspectraofszomolnokiterozeniteandmelanteritemartianimplications