Morphology of spines and milking practices in venomous fishes

Abstract Venomous fish have independently evolved venom-delivery systems multiple times throughout their evolution. Despite the remarkable convergence of such structures, a large variety in venom-delivery structures morphology does occur across species. This review is aimed at surveying fish species...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Giovanni Annona, Andrea Tarallo, Lisa Locatello, Pasquale De Luca, Maria Vittoria Modica
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-08-01
Series:Discover Animals
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s44338-025-00110-w
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