Combined Use of External Iliac Lymph Node Count and Bone Scintigraphy for PJI Diagnosis: A Prospective Study

<b>Background:</b> The reactive enlargement of external iliac lymph nodes and increased blood flow in the infected region are commonly observed in lower limb infections. We aimed to differentiate between aseptic loosening and periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) after joint replacement s...

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Main Authors: Haotian Zhou, Yaji Yang, Jia Li, Qianshui Hu, Feilong Li, Leilei Qin, Wei Huang, Hai Wang, Qiang Cheng
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Diagnostics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/14/22/2502
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author Haotian Zhou
Yaji Yang
Jia Li
Qianshui Hu
Feilong Li
Leilei Qin
Wei Huang
Hai Wang
Qiang Cheng
author_facet Haotian Zhou
Yaji Yang
Jia Li
Qianshui Hu
Feilong Li
Leilei Qin
Wei Huang
Hai Wang
Qiang Cheng
author_sort Haotian Zhou
collection DOAJ
description <b>Background:</b> The reactive enlargement of external iliac lymph nodes and increased blood flow in the infected region are commonly observed in lower limb infections. We aimed to differentiate between aseptic loosening and periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) after joint replacement surgery by quantifying the number of enlarged external iliac lymph nodes and using bone scintigraphy to monitor blood flow. <b>Methods:</b> We recruited 124 patients undergoing revision surgery for aseptic loosening or PJI. All the patients underwent preoperative dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) imaging for external iliac lymph nodes and bone scintigraphy. The diagnostic value was evaluated using ROC curve analysis. <b>Results:</b> The number of enlarged external iliac lymph nodes was significantly higher in the PJI group than in the aseptic failure group (4.0 versus. 1.0, <i>p</i> value < 0.001). The median affected/unaffected side ratio in the blood pool phase of ECT in the PJI group was 1.49, significantly higher than the aseptic failure group’s median ratio of 1.04 (<i>p</i> value < 0.001). The AUC for diagnosing PJI using the number of enlarged lymph nodes alone was 0.91, and when using the bone scintigraphy blood pool phase alone, the AUC was 0.89. When both metrics were combined, the AUC increased to 0.95, which was higher than the AUCs for the ESR (AUC = 0.83), CRP (AUC = 0.76), and synovial fluid PMN% (AUC = 0.62). <b>Conclusions:</b> Combining the enlargement of the lymph node count with the bone scintigraphy blood pool phase is a promising approach for diagnosing PJI.
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spelling doaj-art-bd566d3b06ed4a35aacd722f2caf638b2024-11-26T17:59:37ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182024-11-011422250210.3390/diagnostics14222502Combined Use of External Iliac Lymph Node Count and Bone Scintigraphy for PJI Diagnosis: A Prospective StudyHaotian Zhou0Yaji Yang1Jia Li2Qianshui Hu3Feilong Li4Leilei Qin5Wei Huang6Hai Wang7Qiang Cheng8Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, ChinaDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, ChinaDepartment of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, ChinaDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, ChinaDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, ChinaDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, ChinaDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, ChinaDepartment of Orthopedics, Chongqing University Fuling Hospital, Fuling District, Chongqing 408000, ChinaDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China<b>Background:</b> The reactive enlargement of external iliac lymph nodes and increased blood flow in the infected region are commonly observed in lower limb infections. We aimed to differentiate between aseptic loosening and periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) after joint replacement surgery by quantifying the number of enlarged external iliac lymph nodes and using bone scintigraphy to monitor blood flow. <b>Methods:</b> We recruited 124 patients undergoing revision surgery for aseptic loosening or PJI. All the patients underwent preoperative dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) imaging for external iliac lymph nodes and bone scintigraphy. The diagnostic value was evaluated using ROC curve analysis. <b>Results:</b> The number of enlarged external iliac lymph nodes was significantly higher in the PJI group than in the aseptic failure group (4.0 versus. 1.0, <i>p</i> value < 0.001). The median affected/unaffected side ratio in the blood pool phase of ECT in the PJI group was 1.49, significantly higher than the aseptic failure group’s median ratio of 1.04 (<i>p</i> value < 0.001). The AUC for diagnosing PJI using the number of enlarged lymph nodes alone was 0.91, and when using the bone scintigraphy blood pool phase alone, the AUC was 0.89. When both metrics were combined, the AUC increased to 0.95, which was higher than the AUCs for the ESR (AUC = 0.83), CRP (AUC = 0.76), and synovial fluid PMN% (AUC = 0.62). <b>Conclusions:</b> Combining the enlargement of the lymph node count with the bone scintigraphy blood pool phase is a promising approach for diagnosing PJI.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/14/22/2502periprosthetic joint infectionexternal iliac lymph nodebone scintigraphydiagnosisinflammatoryimmunology
spellingShingle Haotian Zhou
Yaji Yang
Jia Li
Qianshui Hu
Feilong Li
Leilei Qin
Wei Huang
Hai Wang
Qiang Cheng
Combined Use of External Iliac Lymph Node Count and Bone Scintigraphy for PJI Diagnosis: A Prospective Study
Diagnostics
periprosthetic joint infection
external iliac lymph node
bone scintigraphy
diagnosis
inflammatory
immunology
title Combined Use of External Iliac Lymph Node Count and Bone Scintigraphy for PJI Diagnosis: A Prospective Study
title_full Combined Use of External Iliac Lymph Node Count and Bone Scintigraphy for PJI Diagnosis: A Prospective Study
title_fullStr Combined Use of External Iliac Lymph Node Count and Bone Scintigraphy for PJI Diagnosis: A Prospective Study
title_full_unstemmed Combined Use of External Iliac Lymph Node Count and Bone Scintigraphy for PJI Diagnosis: A Prospective Study
title_short Combined Use of External Iliac Lymph Node Count and Bone Scintigraphy for PJI Diagnosis: A Prospective Study
title_sort combined use of external iliac lymph node count and bone scintigraphy for pji diagnosis a prospective study
topic periprosthetic joint infection
external iliac lymph node
bone scintigraphy
diagnosis
inflammatory
immunology
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/14/22/2502
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