Availability, price and affordability of essential medicines for managing cardiovascular disease in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Abstract Access to health care is a fundamental human right. However, nearly one-third of the global population have no access to it. This magnitude is even much worse in low- and middle-income countries. A cross-sectional study was conducted from April 12 to June 5, 2024 to determine availability,...
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Nature Portfolio
2024-12-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-82919-1 |
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| author | Rediet Masresha Fikreselam Habte Mamo Feyissa Senbeta Assefa Mulu Baye Chalelgn Kassaw Melak Gedamu Beyene |
| author_facet | Rediet Masresha Fikreselam Habte Mamo Feyissa Senbeta Assefa Mulu Baye Chalelgn Kassaw Melak Gedamu Beyene |
| author_sort | Rediet Masresha |
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| description | Abstract Access to health care is a fundamental human right. However, nearly one-third of the global population have no access to it. This magnitude is even much worse in low- and middle-income countries. A cross-sectional study was conducted from April 12 to June 5, 2024 to determine availability, price and affordability of essential medicines for managing cardiovascular diseases using WHO/HAI methodology in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Data on the availability and price of the lowest priced generic medicines were collected from five public, ten private and eight other sectors in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The availability was assessed as the percentage of health facilities that stocked the listed medicines. The prices of these medicines were evaluated across all sectors. Price variations were calculated to identify differences among these settings. Additionally, medicine prices were compared against the management sciences for health (MSH) International Reference Prices to calculate the Median Price Ratio (MPR), providing a standardized measure of price affordability and accessibility. The data was analyzed using WHO/HAI work book Excel sheet V 15. The overall availability of generic drugs in all sectors was found to be 34.52%. The availability was 33.73, 40.58, 29.8 and 33.99% in Public, Private, Kenema and Red Cross pharmacies, respectively. The median price ratios for the medications used to treat cardiovascular disease were 3.49, 7.24, 2.84 and 5.2 at Public, Private, Kenema, and Red Cross Pharmacies, respectively. Majority of the medicines were found to be unaffordable, costing up to 352.44 days’ wage of the lowest paid government employee to cover a one-month standard treatment. In conclusion, the study underscores significant challenges in the availability, pricing, and affordability of LPG medications to treat CVDs in Ethiopia. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-bc92d10ae87a4c059966be0c0f8113c7 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-bc92d10ae87a4c059966be0c0f8113c72024-12-29T12:28:15ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222024-12-0114111010.1038/s41598-024-82919-1Availability, price and affordability of essential medicines for managing cardiovascular disease in Addis Ababa, EthiopiaRediet Masresha0Fikreselam Habte1Mamo Feyissa Senbeta2Assefa Mulu Baye3Chalelgn Kassaw4Melak Gedamu Beyene5School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa UniversitySchool of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa UniversitySchool of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa UniversitySchool of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa UniversitySchool of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa UniversitySchool of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa UniversityAbstract Access to health care is a fundamental human right. However, nearly one-third of the global population have no access to it. This magnitude is even much worse in low- and middle-income countries. A cross-sectional study was conducted from April 12 to June 5, 2024 to determine availability, price and affordability of essential medicines for managing cardiovascular diseases using WHO/HAI methodology in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Data on the availability and price of the lowest priced generic medicines were collected from five public, ten private and eight other sectors in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The availability was assessed as the percentage of health facilities that stocked the listed medicines. The prices of these medicines were evaluated across all sectors. Price variations were calculated to identify differences among these settings. Additionally, medicine prices were compared against the management sciences for health (MSH) International Reference Prices to calculate the Median Price Ratio (MPR), providing a standardized measure of price affordability and accessibility. The data was analyzed using WHO/HAI work book Excel sheet V 15. The overall availability of generic drugs in all sectors was found to be 34.52%. The availability was 33.73, 40.58, 29.8 and 33.99% in Public, Private, Kenema and Red Cross pharmacies, respectively. The median price ratios for the medications used to treat cardiovascular disease were 3.49, 7.24, 2.84 and 5.2 at Public, Private, Kenema, and Red Cross Pharmacies, respectively. Majority of the medicines were found to be unaffordable, costing up to 352.44 days’ wage of the lowest paid government employee to cover a one-month standard treatment. In conclusion, the study underscores significant challenges in the availability, pricing, and affordability of LPG medications to treat CVDs in Ethiopia.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-82919-1Availability of drugsAffordability of drugsPrice of drugsEssential medicineMedicine for cardiovascular diseasesAccess to medicine in Ethiopia |
| spellingShingle | Rediet Masresha Fikreselam Habte Mamo Feyissa Senbeta Assefa Mulu Baye Chalelgn Kassaw Melak Gedamu Beyene Availability, price and affordability of essential medicines for managing cardiovascular disease in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Scientific Reports Availability of drugs Affordability of drugs Price of drugs Essential medicine Medicine for cardiovascular diseases Access to medicine in Ethiopia |
| title | Availability, price and affordability of essential medicines for managing cardiovascular disease in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia |
| title_full | Availability, price and affordability of essential medicines for managing cardiovascular disease in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia |
| title_fullStr | Availability, price and affordability of essential medicines for managing cardiovascular disease in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Availability, price and affordability of essential medicines for managing cardiovascular disease in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia |
| title_short | Availability, price and affordability of essential medicines for managing cardiovascular disease in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia |
| title_sort | availability price and affordability of essential medicines for managing cardiovascular disease in addis ababa ethiopia |
| topic | Availability of drugs Affordability of drugs Price of drugs Essential medicine Medicine for cardiovascular diseases Access to medicine in Ethiopia |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-82919-1 |
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