Comparison of Fecal Microbiota and Metabolites Between Captive and Grazing Male Reindeer
The reindeer (<i>Rangifer tarandus</i>) is a circumpolar member of the Cervidae family, and has adapted to a harsh environment. Summer is a critical period for reindeer, with peak digestibility facilitating body fat accumulation. The gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in nutrient metabo...
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2024-12-01
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| author | Fei Zhao Quanmin Zhao Songze Li Yuhang Zhu Huazhe Si Jiang Feng Zhipeng Li |
| author_facet | Fei Zhao Quanmin Zhao Songze Li Yuhang Zhu Huazhe Si Jiang Feng Zhipeng Li |
| author_sort | Fei Zhao |
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| description | The reindeer (<i>Rangifer tarandus</i>) is a circumpolar member of the Cervidae family, and has adapted to a harsh environment. Summer is a critical period for reindeer, with peak digestibility facilitating body fat accumulation. The gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in nutrient metabolism, and is affected by captivity. However, differences in the composition of the gut microbiota and metabolites between captive and grazing reindeer during summer remain poorly understood. Here, we conducted a comparative study of the fecal microbiota and metabolites between captive (<i>n</i> = 6) and grazing (<i>n</i> = 6) male reindeer, using full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing and gas chromatography–time-of-flight mass spectrometry, respectively. Our results indicated that <i>Prevotella</i>, <i>Phocaeicola</i>, <i>Papillibacter</i>, <i>Muribaculum</i>, and <i>Bacteroides</i> were the predominant genera in the feces of reindeer. However, microbial diversity was significantly higher in captive reindeer compared to their grazing counterparts. Principal coordinate analysis revealed significant differences in the fecal microbiota between captive and grazing reindeer. In captive reindeer, the relative abundances of the genera <i>Clostridium</i>, <i>Paraprevotella</i>, <i>Alistipes</i>, <i>Paludibacter</i>, <i>Lentimicrobium</i>, <i>Paraclostridium</i>, and <i>Anaerovibrio</i> were significantly higher, while those of the genera <i>Prevotella</i>, <i>Phocaeicola</i>, <i>Pseudoflavonifractor</i>, and <i>Lactonifactor</i> were significantly lower. A comparison of predicted functions indicated that pathways involved in fat digestion and absorption, histidine metabolism, lysine biosynthesis, and secondary bile acid biosynthesis were more abundant in captive reindeer, whereas the pathways of fructose and mannose metabolism and propanoate metabolism were less abundant. An untargeted metabolomic analysis revealed that 624 metabolites (e.g., amino acids, lipids, fatty acids, and bile acids) and 645 metabolites (e.g., carbohydrates and purines) were significantly increased in the feces of captive and grazing reindeer, respectively. In conclusion, we unveiled significant differences in fecal microbiota and metabolites between captive and grazing male reindeer, with the results suggesting a potentially enhanced ability to utilize plant fibers in grazing reindeer. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-bb1b61d291094e67a794aff50bbb5371 |
| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-bb1b61d291094e67a794aff50bbb53712024-12-27T14:05:38ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152024-12-011424360610.3390/ani14243606Comparison of Fecal Microbiota and Metabolites Between Captive and Grazing Male ReindeerFei Zhao0Quanmin Zhao1Songze Li2Yuhang Zhu3Huazhe Si4Jiang Feng5Zhipeng Li6College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, ChinaCollege of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, ChinaCollege of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, ChinaThe reindeer (<i>Rangifer tarandus</i>) is a circumpolar member of the Cervidae family, and has adapted to a harsh environment. Summer is a critical period for reindeer, with peak digestibility facilitating body fat accumulation. The gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in nutrient metabolism, and is affected by captivity. However, differences in the composition of the gut microbiota and metabolites between captive and grazing reindeer during summer remain poorly understood. Here, we conducted a comparative study of the fecal microbiota and metabolites between captive (<i>n</i> = 6) and grazing (<i>n</i> = 6) male reindeer, using full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing and gas chromatography–time-of-flight mass spectrometry, respectively. Our results indicated that <i>Prevotella</i>, <i>Phocaeicola</i>, <i>Papillibacter</i>, <i>Muribaculum</i>, and <i>Bacteroides</i> were the predominant genera in the feces of reindeer. However, microbial diversity was significantly higher in captive reindeer compared to their grazing counterparts. Principal coordinate analysis revealed significant differences in the fecal microbiota between captive and grazing reindeer. In captive reindeer, the relative abundances of the genera <i>Clostridium</i>, <i>Paraprevotella</i>, <i>Alistipes</i>, <i>Paludibacter</i>, <i>Lentimicrobium</i>, <i>Paraclostridium</i>, and <i>Anaerovibrio</i> were significantly higher, while those of the genera <i>Prevotella</i>, <i>Phocaeicola</i>, <i>Pseudoflavonifractor</i>, and <i>Lactonifactor</i> were significantly lower. A comparison of predicted functions indicated that pathways involved in fat digestion and absorption, histidine metabolism, lysine biosynthesis, and secondary bile acid biosynthesis were more abundant in captive reindeer, whereas the pathways of fructose and mannose metabolism and propanoate metabolism were less abundant. An untargeted metabolomic analysis revealed that 624 metabolites (e.g., amino acids, lipids, fatty acids, and bile acids) and 645 metabolites (e.g., carbohydrates and purines) were significantly increased in the feces of captive and grazing reindeer, respectively. In conclusion, we unveiled significant differences in fecal microbiota and metabolites between captive and grazing male reindeer, with the results suggesting a potentially enhanced ability to utilize plant fibers in grazing reindeer.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/24/3606reindeerfull-length 16S rRNA genemetabolomesummercaptivity |
| spellingShingle | Fei Zhao Quanmin Zhao Songze Li Yuhang Zhu Huazhe Si Jiang Feng Zhipeng Li Comparison of Fecal Microbiota and Metabolites Between Captive and Grazing Male Reindeer Animals reindeer full-length 16S rRNA gene metabolome summer captivity |
| title | Comparison of Fecal Microbiota and Metabolites Between Captive and Grazing Male Reindeer |
| title_full | Comparison of Fecal Microbiota and Metabolites Between Captive and Grazing Male Reindeer |
| title_fullStr | Comparison of Fecal Microbiota and Metabolites Between Captive and Grazing Male Reindeer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparison of Fecal Microbiota and Metabolites Between Captive and Grazing Male Reindeer |
| title_short | Comparison of Fecal Microbiota and Metabolites Between Captive and Grazing Male Reindeer |
| title_sort | comparison of fecal microbiota and metabolites between captive and grazing male reindeer |
| topic | reindeer full-length 16S rRNA gene metabolome summer captivity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/24/3606 |
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