An Overview of Topical Immunomodulators used in Ophthalmology

Immunomodulators (IMT) are a novel class of drug that suppress the host immune response and inhibit the inflammatory cascade. They have several advantage over steroids when used for clinical conditions requiring long-term inflammation control. In the field of ophthalmology, IMT have been put to use...

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Main Authors: Pranita Sahay, Devesh Kumawat
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications 2022-01-01
Series:Delhi Journal of Ophthalmology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://journals.lww.com/10.7869/djo.758
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author Pranita Sahay
Devesh Kumawat
author_facet Pranita Sahay
Devesh Kumawat
author_sort Pranita Sahay
collection DOAJ
description Immunomodulators (IMT) are a novel class of drug that suppress the host immune response and inhibit the inflammatory cascade. They have several advantage over steroids when used for clinical conditions requiring long-term inflammation control. In the field of ophthalmology, IMT have been put to use for various indications like uveitis, dry eye disease, allergic eye disease, ocular surface tumours and other ocular surface disorders. It is also used intra-operatively in glaucoma surgeries, pterygium excision and photo-refractive keratectomy to increase the surgical success. The topical use of these drugs is relatively safe when compared to systemic use; hence, majority of the above conditions are treated with topical IMT. Cyclosporine A, Tacrolimus, Mitomycin C, 5-Fluorouracil and Interferon-alpha are some of the commonly used topical IMT in ophthalmic practice. Topical Lifitegrast is a recently approved drug with immunomodulatory mechanism of action that is used in management of refractory dry eye disease. In this review, we aim to provide the readers an overview of the pharmacology, clinical uses and adverse effects of these commonly used topical IMT.
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spelling doaj-art-ba4b4fc8de5d405c901b2ab68f845d0b2025-08-20T02:11:14ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsDelhi Journal of Ophthalmology0972-02002454-27842022-01-0132310411010.7869/djo.758An Overview of Topical Immunomodulators used in OphthalmologyPranita SahayDevesh KumawatImmunomodulators (IMT) are a novel class of drug that suppress the host immune response and inhibit the inflammatory cascade. They have several advantage over steroids when used for clinical conditions requiring long-term inflammation control. In the field of ophthalmology, IMT have been put to use for various indications like uveitis, dry eye disease, allergic eye disease, ocular surface tumours and other ocular surface disorders. It is also used intra-operatively in glaucoma surgeries, pterygium excision and photo-refractive keratectomy to increase the surgical success. The topical use of these drugs is relatively safe when compared to systemic use; hence, majority of the above conditions are treated with topical IMT. Cyclosporine A, Tacrolimus, Mitomycin C, 5-Fluorouracil and Interferon-alpha are some of the commonly used topical IMT in ophthalmic practice. Topical Lifitegrast is a recently approved drug with immunomodulatory mechanism of action that is used in management of refractory dry eye disease. In this review, we aim to provide the readers an overview of the pharmacology, clinical uses and adverse effects of these commonly used topical IMT.https://journals.lww.com/10.7869/djo.758immunomodulatortopical immunomodulatorstopical immunosuppressantstopical tacrolimustopical cyclosporinetopical lifitegrasttopical 5-fluorouraciltopical mitomycin c
spellingShingle Pranita Sahay
Devesh Kumawat
An Overview of Topical Immunomodulators used in Ophthalmology
Delhi Journal of Ophthalmology
immunomodulator
topical immunomodulators
topical immunosuppressants
topical tacrolimus
topical cyclosporine
topical lifitegrast
topical 5-fluorouracil
topical mitomycin c
title An Overview of Topical Immunomodulators used in Ophthalmology
title_full An Overview of Topical Immunomodulators used in Ophthalmology
title_fullStr An Overview of Topical Immunomodulators used in Ophthalmology
title_full_unstemmed An Overview of Topical Immunomodulators used in Ophthalmology
title_short An Overview of Topical Immunomodulators used in Ophthalmology
title_sort overview of topical immunomodulators used in ophthalmology
topic immunomodulator
topical immunomodulators
topical immunosuppressants
topical tacrolimus
topical cyclosporine
topical lifitegrast
topical 5-fluorouracil
topical mitomycin c
url https://journals.lww.com/10.7869/djo.758
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