Innovative strategies for balancing conservation and tourism in highland areas: the case of uzumara forest reserve-rumphi in Malawi

Abstract Achieving a balance between sustainable highland tourism, environmental conservation, and enhanced livelihoods for nearby communities is a multifaceted issue due to conflicting priorities. Striking this balance demands collaborative planning, active community participation, and policies tha...

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Main Authors: Richard Nyoni, Innocent Pangapanga-Phiri, Junice Undi, Ipyana Mwangomba, Fernando Ruiz
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-08-01
Series:Sustainable Earth Reviews
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s42055-025-00112-2
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author Richard Nyoni
Innocent Pangapanga-Phiri
Junice Undi
Ipyana Mwangomba
Fernando Ruiz
author_facet Richard Nyoni
Innocent Pangapanga-Phiri
Junice Undi
Ipyana Mwangomba
Fernando Ruiz
author_sort Richard Nyoni
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Achieving a balance between sustainable highland tourism, environmental conservation, and enhanced livelihoods for nearby communities is a multifaceted issue due to conflicting priorities. Striking this balance demands collaborative planning, active community participation, and policies that encourage environmentally responsible tourism, fair distribution of benefits, and livelihood options that support conservation. The core challenge is reconciling immediate economic demands with the long-term preservation of ecological and social stability. This research examines how co-management can improve conservation and tourism in developing nations, using Malawi’s Uzumara Forest Reserve as a case study. Through qualitative interviews with forest management committees, surrounding communities, local leaders, and government officials, the study reveals that these highlands play a vital role in cultural, social, and economic well-being. However, insufficient funding for conservation and tourism infrastructure has hastened its degradation. Illegal activities like poaching and wildfires continue to pose a threat to biodiversity and hinder restoration efforts. Additionally, local communities prioritise economic gains, which the current management system cannot adequately provide, worsening the situation. To address these issues, the study suggests innovative solutions such as carbon credit schemes, sustainable nature-based businesses, and strategic infrastructure improvements. These measures aim to protect reserves in highlands while enhancing their appeal to tourists. The proposed strategies provide a scalable framework for other highland areas struggling with similar conservation and development conflicts.
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spelling doaj-art-ba282556a4ff4beab444bdd2a05afd7a2025-08-24T11:50:54ZengBMCSustainable Earth Reviews2520-87482025-08-018111210.1186/s42055-025-00112-2Innovative strategies for balancing conservation and tourism in highland areas: the case of uzumara forest reserve-rumphi in MalawiRichard Nyoni0Innocent Pangapanga-Phiri1Junice Undi2Ipyana Mwangomba3Fernando Ruiz4Department of Environment and Natural Resource Management, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources (LUANAR)Department of Environment and Natural Resource Management, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources (LUANAR)Department of Environment and Natural Resource Management, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources (LUANAR)Department of Agricultural Extension, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources. (LUANAR)Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research, Austrian Academy of SciencesAbstract Achieving a balance between sustainable highland tourism, environmental conservation, and enhanced livelihoods for nearby communities is a multifaceted issue due to conflicting priorities. Striking this balance demands collaborative planning, active community participation, and policies that encourage environmentally responsible tourism, fair distribution of benefits, and livelihood options that support conservation. The core challenge is reconciling immediate economic demands with the long-term preservation of ecological and social stability. This research examines how co-management can improve conservation and tourism in developing nations, using Malawi’s Uzumara Forest Reserve as a case study. Through qualitative interviews with forest management committees, surrounding communities, local leaders, and government officials, the study reveals that these highlands play a vital role in cultural, social, and economic well-being. However, insufficient funding for conservation and tourism infrastructure has hastened its degradation. Illegal activities like poaching and wildfires continue to pose a threat to biodiversity and hinder restoration efforts. Additionally, local communities prioritise economic gains, which the current management system cannot adequately provide, worsening the situation. To address these issues, the study suggests innovative solutions such as carbon credit schemes, sustainable nature-based businesses, and strategic infrastructure improvements. These measures aim to protect reserves in highlands while enhancing their appeal to tourists. The proposed strategies provide a scalable framework for other highland areas struggling with similar conservation and development conflicts.https://doi.org/10.1186/s42055-025-00112-2Sustainable Highlands DevelopmentCo-managementTourismCommunityLivelihoodsEcosystem
spellingShingle Richard Nyoni
Innocent Pangapanga-Phiri
Junice Undi
Ipyana Mwangomba
Fernando Ruiz
Innovative strategies for balancing conservation and tourism in highland areas: the case of uzumara forest reserve-rumphi in Malawi
Sustainable Earth Reviews
Sustainable Highlands Development
Co-management
Tourism
Community
Livelihoods
Ecosystem
title Innovative strategies for balancing conservation and tourism in highland areas: the case of uzumara forest reserve-rumphi in Malawi
title_full Innovative strategies for balancing conservation and tourism in highland areas: the case of uzumara forest reserve-rumphi in Malawi
title_fullStr Innovative strategies for balancing conservation and tourism in highland areas: the case of uzumara forest reserve-rumphi in Malawi
title_full_unstemmed Innovative strategies for balancing conservation and tourism in highland areas: the case of uzumara forest reserve-rumphi in Malawi
title_short Innovative strategies for balancing conservation and tourism in highland areas: the case of uzumara forest reserve-rumphi in Malawi
title_sort innovative strategies for balancing conservation and tourism in highland areas the case of uzumara forest reserve rumphi in malawi
topic Sustainable Highlands Development
Co-management
Tourism
Community
Livelihoods
Ecosystem
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s42055-025-00112-2
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