Iron deficiency in children - causes, consequences, treatment - review of the literature
Iron deficiency (ID) is one of the most widespread nutritional deficiencies. Children belong to one of the high-risk groups for iron insufficiency, due to the increased requirement during the period of intensive growth. ID can have unfavorable effects on brain development and the ability to learn....
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Kazimierz Wielki University
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Journal of Education, Health and Sport |
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| Online Access: | https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/59534 |
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| author | Anna Dziewierz Paulina Dziewierz Patrycja Pietrusińska Aleksandra Sadowska Aleksandra Welkier Adam Sobiński Joanna Miśkiewicz Aleksandra Dudek Jakub Moder Paula Kwaśniewska Patrycja Śliwa-Tytko |
| author_facet | Anna Dziewierz Paulina Dziewierz Patrycja Pietrusińska Aleksandra Sadowska Aleksandra Welkier Adam Sobiński Joanna Miśkiewicz Aleksandra Dudek Jakub Moder Paula Kwaśniewska Patrycja Śliwa-Tytko |
| author_sort | Anna Dziewierz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description |
Iron deficiency (ID) is one of the most widespread nutritional deficiencies. Children belong to one of the high-risk groups for iron insufficiency, due to the increased requirement during the period of intensive growth. ID can have unfavorable effects on brain development and the ability to learn. It can also impair the development of cognitive functions in children. Iron deficiency occurs as a result of insufficient iron intake from the diet, malabsorption associated with gastrointestinal diseases, increased requirement e.g. due to frequent bleeding. Iron is present in food in two forms: haem and non-haem. The haem form is found in animal products and is better absorbed. Early detection is essential to prevent the effects of insufficiency. The most frequently used test to diagnose iron deficiency is the ferritin level. However, a complete blood count is recommended to determine the overall condition of the body. When ID impairs the function of red blood cells, anaemia occurs. To prevent iron deficiency, women should be taken care of during pregnancy by introducing appropriate supplementation. Nutrition plans that incorporate iron-fortified foods in high-risk ID areas are also becoming more prevalent. Treatment of the insufficiency involves supplementation by oral or intravenous administration or through blood transfusions. In each method, a well-balanced diet containing foods rich in highly absorbable forms of iron is essential.
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b9e5a2d3fcb64d52afcefccc790618b9 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2391-8306 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | Kazimierz Wielki University |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Education, Health and Sport |
| spelling | doaj-art-b9e5a2d3fcb64d52afcefccc790618b92025-08-20T03:49:08ZengKazimierz Wielki UniversityJournal of Education, Health and Sport2391-83062025-04-018010.12775/JEHS.2025.80.59534Iron deficiency in children - causes, consequences, treatment - review of the literatureAnna Dziewierz0Paulina Dziewierz1Patrycja Pietrusińska2https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0722-4396Aleksandra Sadowska3https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6458-1264Aleksandra Welkier4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3552-6726Adam Sobiński5Joanna Miśkiewicz6https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3300-940XAleksandra Dudek7https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2547-3574Jakub Moder8Paula Kwaśniewska9https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2576-7573Patrycja Śliwa-Tytko10Mazowieckie Centrum Stomatologii w WarszawieUniwersytet Medyczny we WrocławiuThe Silesian Academy of Medical SciencesJ. Mikulicz-Radecki University Clinical Hospital in WrocławCorten Dental Sp. z o.o, WarsawMEDAR Private Healthcare Facility in LeczycaWojewódzki Szpital Zespolony w KielcachJan Biziel University Hospital No.2 in BydgoszczWarsaw Southern Hospital, WarsawSzpakmed Kochłowice, Ruda ŚląskaMedical University of Lublin Iron deficiency (ID) is one of the most widespread nutritional deficiencies. Children belong to one of the high-risk groups for iron insufficiency, due to the increased requirement during the period of intensive growth. ID can have unfavorable effects on brain development and the ability to learn. It can also impair the development of cognitive functions in children. Iron deficiency occurs as a result of insufficient iron intake from the diet, malabsorption associated with gastrointestinal diseases, increased requirement e.g. due to frequent bleeding. Iron is present in food in two forms: haem and non-haem. The haem form is found in animal products and is better absorbed. Early detection is essential to prevent the effects of insufficiency. The most frequently used test to diagnose iron deficiency is the ferritin level. However, a complete blood count is recommended to determine the overall condition of the body. When ID impairs the function of red blood cells, anaemia occurs. To prevent iron deficiency, women should be taken care of during pregnancy by introducing appropriate supplementation. Nutrition plans that incorporate iron-fortified foods in high-risk ID areas are also becoming more prevalent. Treatment of the insufficiency involves supplementation by oral or intravenous administration or through blood transfusions. In each method, a well-balanced diet containing foods rich in highly absorbable forms of iron is essential. https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/59534iron deficiencyironchild developmentiron metabolism |
| spellingShingle | Anna Dziewierz Paulina Dziewierz Patrycja Pietrusińska Aleksandra Sadowska Aleksandra Welkier Adam Sobiński Joanna Miśkiewicz Aleksandra Dudek Jakub Moder Paula Kwaśniewska Patrycja Śliwa-Tytko Iron deficiency in children - causes, consequences, treatment - review of the literature Journal of Education, Health and Sport iron deficiency iron child development iron metabolism |
| title | Iron deficiency in children - causes, consequences, treatment - review of the literature |
| title_full | Iron deficiency in children - causes, consequences, treatment - review of the literature |
| title_fullStr | Iron deficiency in children - causes, consequences, treatment - review of the literature |
| title_full_unstemmed | Iron deficiency in children - causes, consequences, treatment - review of the literature |
| title_short | Iron deficiency in children - causes, consequences, treatment - review of the literature |
| title_sort | iron deficiency in children causes consequences treatment review of the literature |
| topic | iron deficiency iron child development iron metabolism |
| url | https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/59534 |
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