Acoustic speech features are associated with late‐life depression and apathy symptoms: Preliminary findings

Abstract BACKGROUND Late‐life depression (LLD) is a heterogenous disorder related to cognitive decline and neurodegenerative processes, raising a need for the development of novel biomarkers. We sought to provide preliminary evidence for acoustic speech signatures sensitive to LLD and their relation...

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Main Authors: Daniel Harlev, Shir Singer, Maya Goldshalger, Noham Wolpe, Eyal Bergmann
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-01-01
Series:Alzheimer’s & Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment & Disease Monitoring
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/dad2.70055
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author Daniel Harlev
Shir Singer
Maya Goldshalger
Noham Wolpe
Eyal Bergmann
author_facet Daniel Harlev
Shir Singer
Maya Goldshalger
Noham Wolpe
Eyal Bergmann
author_sort Daniel Harlev
collection DOAJ
description Abstract BACKGROUND Late‐life depression (LLD) is a heterogenous disorder related to cognitive decline and neurodegenerative processes, raising a need for the development of novel biomarkers. We sought to provide preliminary evidence for acoustic speech signatures sensitive to LLD and their relationship to depressive dimensions. METHODS Forty patients (24 female, aged 65–82 years) were assessed with the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Vocal features were extracted from speech samples (reading a pre‐written text) and tested as classifiers of LLD using random forest and XGBoost models. Post hoc analyses examined the relationship between these acoustic features and specific depressive dimensions. RESULTS The classification models demonstrated moderate discriminative ability for LLD with receiver operating characteristic = 0.78 for random forest and 0.84 for XGBoost in an out‐of‐sample testing set. The top classifying features were most strongly associated with the apathy dimension (R2 = 0.43). DISCUSSION Acoustic vocal features that may support the diagnosis of LLD are preferentially associated with apathy. Highlights The depressive dimensions in late‐life depression (LLD) have different cognitive correlates, with apathy characterized by more pronounced cognitive impairment. Acoustic speech features can predict LLD. Using acoustic features, we were able to train a random forest model to predict LLD in a held‐out sample. Acoustic speech features that predict LLD are preferentially associated with apathy. These results indicate a predominance of apathy in the vocal signatures of LLD, and suggest that the clinical heterogeneity of LLD should be considered in development of acoustic markers.
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spelling doaj-art-b9c9e8f8ff054cd1bebbb9f1bde928d52025-08-20T03:42:18ZengWileyAlzheimer’s & Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment & Disease Monitoring2352-87292025-01-01171n/an/a10.1002/dad2.70055Acoustic speech features are associated with late‐life depression and apathy symptoms: Preliminary findingsDaniel Harlev0Shir Singer1Maya Goldshalger2Noham Wolpe3Eyal Bergmann4Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences Department of Physical Therapy The Stanley Steyer School of Health Professions Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv IsraelFaculty of Biomedical Engineering Technion ‐ IIT Haifa IsraelFaculty of Biomedical Engineering Technion ‐ IIT Haifa IsraelFaculty of Medical & Health Sciences Department of Physical Therapy The Stanley Steyer School of Health Professions Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv IsraelDepartment of Psychiatry Rambam Health Care Campus Haifa IsraelAbstract BACKGROUND Late‐life depression (LLD) is a heterogenous disorder related to cognitive decline and neurodegenerative processes, raising a need for the development of novel biomarkers. We sought to provide preliminary evidence for acoustic speech signatures sensitive to LLD and their relationship to depressive dimensions. METHODS Forty patients (24 female, aged 65–82 years) were assessed with the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Vocal features were extracted from speech samples (reading a pre‐written text) and tested as classifiers of LLD using random forest and XGBoost models. Post hoc analyses examined the relationship between these acoustic features and specific depressive dimensions. RESULTS The classification models demonstrated moderate discriminative ability for LLD with receiver operating characteristic = 0.78 for random forest and 0.84 for XGBoost in an out‐of‐sample testing set. The top classifying features were most strongly associated with the apathy dimension (R2 = 0.43). DISCUSSION Acoustic vocal features that may support the diagnosis of LLD are preferentially associated with apathy. Highlights The depressive dimensions in late‐life depression (LLD) have different cognitive correlates, with apathy characterized by more pronounced cognitive impairment. Acoustic speech features can predict LLD. Using acoustic features, we were able to train a random forest model to predict LLD in a held‐out sample. Acoustic speech features that predict LLD are preferentially associated with apathy. These results indicate a predominance of apathy in the vocal signatures of LLD, and suggest that the clinical heterogeneity of LLD should be considered in development of acoustic markers.https://doi.org/10.1002/dad2.70055acoustic vocal featuresagingapathyclassification modelslate‐life depression
spellingShingle Daniel Harlev
Shir Singer
Maya Goldshalger
Noham Wolpe
Eyal Bergmann
Acoustic speech features are associated with late‐life depression and apathy symptoms: Preliminary findings
Alzheimer’s & Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment & Disease Monitoring
acoustic vocal features
aging
apathy
classification models
late‐life depression
title Acoustic speech features are associated with late‐life depression and apathy symptoms: Preliminary findings
title_full Acoustic speech features are associated with late‐life depression and apathy symptoms: Preliminary findings
title_fullStr Acoustic speech features are associated with late‐life depression and apathy symptoms: Preliminary findings
title_full_unstemmed Acoustic speech features are associated with late‐life depression and apathy symptoms: Preliminary findings
title_short Acoustic speech features are associated with late‐life depression and apathy symptoms: Preliminary findings
title_sort acoustic speech features are associated with late life depression and apathy symptoms preliminary findings
topic acoustic vocal features
aging
apathy
classification models
late‐life depression
url https://doi.org/10.1002/dad2.70055
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AT mayagoldshalger acousticspeechfeaturesareassociatedwithlatelifedepressionandapathysymptomspreliminaryfindings
AT nohamwolpe acousticspeechfeaturesareassociatedwithlatelifedepressionandapathysymptomspreliminaryfindings
AT eyalbergmann acousticspeechfeaturesareassociatedwithlatelifedepressionandapathysymptomspreliminaryfindings