Pharmacokinetics of Meloxicam in Different Animal Species: A Comprehensive Review

Meloxicam is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory in the oxicam group. It has been extensively used in human and veterinary medicine for their anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities. Meloxicam has shown high therapeutic potential for disorders such as osteoarthritis, musculoskeletal di...

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Main Authors: Raul de la Puente, Raquel Diez, M. Jose Diez, Nelida Fernandez, Ana M. Sahagun, Jose M. Rodriguez, Juan J. Garcia, Cristina Lopez
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-10-01
Series:Veterinary Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/11/11/519
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author Raul de la Puente
Raquel Diez
M. Jose Diez
Nelida Fernandez
Ana M. Sahagun
Jose M. Rodriguez
Juan J. Garcia
Cristina Lopez
author_facet Raul de la Puente
Raquel Diez
M. Jose Diez
Nelida Fernandez
Ana M. Sahagun
Jose M. Rodriguez
Juan J. Garcia
Cristina Lopez
author_sort Raul de la Puente
collection DOAJ
description Meloxicam is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory in the oxicam group. It has been extensively used in human and veterinary medicine for their anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities. Meloxicam has shown high therapeutic potential for disorders such as osteoarthritis, musculoskeletal disorder, acute respiratory infection, puerperal septicemia, mastitis and mastitis–metritis–agalactia syndrome. Although meloxicam pharmacokinetic has been described for numerous species, no paper summarizes the existing literature on this field. Thus, the aim of this review was to carry out a review of the literature on the pharmacokinetics of meloxicam in different animal species and gather the data in a single review article. A comprehensive review of the available literature in the PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases was performed. Meloxicam shows good bioavailability after oral and parenteral administration in most animal species (85–95%), with the lowest values in sheep after oral administration. It presents a rapid distribution with a small volume of distribution, which can be attributed to relatively high ionization state of meloxicam at physiological pH and its high plasma protein binding (close to 99%). It is extensively metabolized in the liver in several inactive polar metabolites, which are excreted, like unchanged meloxicam in urine and feces. Meloxicam also shows a long elimination half-life and low clearance.
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spelling doaj-art-b9c7494b07874b728cc3f16a0c99a2812024-11-26T18:24:47ZengMDPI AGVeterinary Sciences2306-73812024-10-01111151910.3390/vetsci11110519Pharmacokinetics of Meloxicam in Different Animal Species: A Comprehensive ReviewRaul de la Puente0Raquel Diez1M. Jose Diez2Nelida Fernandez3Ana M. Sahagun4Jose M. Rodriguez5Juan J. Garcia6Cristina Lopez7Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of Leon, 24071 Leon, SpainPharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of Leon, 24071 Leon, SpainPharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of Leon, 24071 Leon, SpainPharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of Leon, 24071 Leon, SpainPharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of Leon, 24071 Leon, SpainPharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of Leon, 24071 Leon, SpainPharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of Leon, 24071 Leon, SpainPharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of Leon, 24071 Leon, SpainMeloxicam is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory in the oxicam group. It has been extensively used in human and veterinary medicine for their anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities. Meloxicam has shown high therapeutic potential for disorders such as osteoarthritis, musculoskeletal disorder, acute respiratory infection, puerperal septicemia, mastitis and mastitis–metritis–agalactia syndrome. Although meloxicam pharmacokinetic has been described for numerous species, no paper summarizes the existing literature on this field. Thus, the aim of this review was to carry out a review of the literature on the pharmacokinetics of meloxicam in different animal species and gather the data in a single review article. A comprehensive review of the available literature in the PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases was performed. Meloxicam shows good bioavailability after oral and parenteral administration in most animal species (85–95%), with the lowest values in sheep after oral administration. It presents a rapid distribution with a small volume of distribution, which can be attributed to relatively high ionization state of meloxicam at physiological pH and its high plasma protein binding (close to 99%). It is extensively metabolized in the liver in several inactive polar metabolites, which are excreted, like unchanged meloxicam in urine and feces. Meloxicam also shows a long elimination half-life and low clearance.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/11/11/519pharmacokineticsanimal speciesmeloxicamabsorptiondistributionmetabolism
spellingShingle Raul de la Puente
Raquel Diez
M. Jose Diez
Nelida Fernandez
Ana M. Sahagun
Jose M. Rodriguez
Juan J. Garcia
Cristina Lopez
Pharmacokinetics of Meloxicam in Different Animal Species: A Comprehensive Review
Veterinary Sciences
pharmacokinetics
animal species
meloxicam
absorption
distribution
metabolism
title Pharmacokinetics of Meloxicam in Different Animal Species: A Comprehensive Review
title_full Pharmacokinetics of Meloxicam in Different Animal Species: A Comprehensive Review
title_fullStr Pharmacokinetics of Meloxicam in Different Animal Species: A Comprehensive Review
title_full_unstemmed Pharmacokinetics of Meloxicam in Different Animal Species: A Comprehensive Review
title_short Pharmacokinetics of Meloxicam in Different Animal Species: A Comprehensive Review
title_sort pharmacokinetics of meloxicam in different animal species a comprehensive review
topic pharmacokinetics
animal species
meloxicam
absorption
distribution
metabolism
url https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/11/11/519
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