Business Obstacles-Variances Between Female Owned and Male Owned Enterprises in Lebanon During COVID-19
This research uncovers the variances between female-owned and male-owned enterprises in Lebanon. The World Bank’s Enterprise Survey (ES) focuses on many aspects of the Business Environment. Apart from exploring the Business environment, the ES also collects information about the characteristics of f...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Tishk International University
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Eurasian Journal of Management & Social Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://ejmss.tiu.edu.iq/index.php/ejmss/article/view/36 |
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| author | Latifa Attieh Sultana Begum |
| author_facet | Latifa Attieh Sultana Begum |
| author_sort | Latifa Attieh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This research uncovers the variances between female-owned and male-owned enterprises in Lebanon. The World Bank’s Enterprise Survey (ES) focuses on many aspects of the Business Environment. Apart from exploring the Business environment, the ES also collects information about the characteristics of firms, workforce, physical infrastructure, international trade, taxes and corruption, and Business Environment obstacles. In this research, the authors explore the ES data of Lebanon and analyze the variances between the female-owned and male-owned business firms on the top ten business environment obstacles namely, political instability, access to finance, corruption, tax rates, practices of the informal sector, electricity, custom, and trade regulation, Business licenses and permits, inadequately educated workforce and transportation. In addition, variances based on gender where the top manager is male, or female is explored. The Mann-Whitney U test is run to explore the statistical variances (Dodge, 2008). The major findings include that there is statistically significant variance in two variables namely ’Business licensing and permits” and “Environmental Regulation”, among the female-owned and male-owned firms in Lebanon. Another finding includes a statistically significant variance among the two types of firms where the top manager is male or female for the variable “Tax rates”. The study concludes that the most threatening constraints facing enterprises are political instability, access to finance, and corruption in the country, besides that, the COVID-19 pandemic has enlarged the gender gap in terms of increasing and intensifying gender inequality. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b9714f88c3fd442b82c3ab0a8d93ae5b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2708-177X 2708-034X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | Tishk International University |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Eurasian Journal of Management & Social Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-b9714f88c3fd442b82c3ab0a8d93ae5b2025-08-20T03:56:41ZengTishk International UniversityEurasian Journal of Management & Social Sciences2708-177X2708-034X2022-07-0131516910.23918/ejmss.V3i1p5136Business Obstacles-Variances Between Female Owned and Male Owned Enterprises in Lebanon During COVID-19Latifa Attieh0Sultana Begum1Business and Management Department, Faculty of Administrative Sciences and Economics, Tishk International University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, IraqBusiness and Management Department, Faculty of Administrative Sciences and Economics, Tishk International University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, IraqThis research uncovers the variances between female-owned and male-owned enterprises in Lebanon. The World Bank’s Enterprise Survey (ES) focuses on many aspects of the Business Environment. Apart from exploring the Business environment, the ES also collects information about the characteristics of firms, workforce, physical infrastructure, international trade, taxes and corruption, and Business Environment obstacles. In this research, the authors explore the ES data of Lebanon and analyze the variances between the female-owned and male-owned business firms on the top ten business environment obstacles namely, political instability, access to finance, corruption, tax rates, practices of the informal sector, electricity, custom, and trade regulation, Business licenses and permits, inadequately educated workforce and transportation. In addition, variances based on gender where the top manager is male, or female is explored. The Mann-Whitney U test is run to explore the statistical variances (Dodge, 2008). The major findings include that there is statistically significant variance in two variables namely ’Business licensing and permits” and “Environmental Regulation”, among the female-owned and male-owned firms in Lebanon. Another finding includes a statistically significant variance among the two types of firms where the top manager is male or female for the variable “Tax rates”. The study concludes that the most threatening constraints facing enterprises are political instability, access to finance, and corruption in the country, besides that, the COVID-19 pandemic has enlarged the gender gap in terms of increasing and intensifying gender inequality.https://ejmss.tiu.edu.iq/index.php/ejmss/article/view/36business obstacleslebanoncovid-19gender variance |
| spellingShingle | Latifa Attieh Sultana Begum Business Obstacles-Variances Between Female Owned and Male Owned Enterprises in Lebanon During COVID-19 Eurasian Journal of Management & Social Sciences business obstacles lebanon covid-19 gender variance |
| title | Business Obstacles-Variances Between Female Owned and Male Owned Enterprises in Lebanon During COVID-19 |
| title_full | Business Obstacles-Variances Between Female Owned and Male Owned Enterprises in Lebanon During COVID-19 |
| title_fullStr | Business Obstacles-Variances Between Female Owned and Male Owned Enterprises in Lebanon During COVID-19 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Business Obstacles-Variances Between Female Owned and Male Owned Enterprises in Lebanon During COVID-19 |
| title_short | Business Obstacles-Variances Between Female Owned and Male Owned Enterprises in Lebanon During COVID-19 |
| title_sort | business obstacles variances between female owned and male owned enterprises in lebanon during covid 19 |
| topic | business obstacles lebanon covid-19 gender variance |
| url | https://ejmss.tiu.edu.iq/index.php/ejmss/article/view/36 |
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