Construction of Pickering Double Emulsions Based on Xanthan Gum/Lysozyme Nanoparticles: Structure, Stability, and Co-Encapsulation of Epigallocatechin Gallate and β-Carotene
The low stability of water-in-oil-in-water (W<sub>1</sub>/O/W<sub>2</sub>) double emulsions greatly limits their applications. Therefore, in this study, W<sub>1</sub>/O/W<sub>2</sub> Pickering double emulsions (PDEs) were prepared by a two-step emulsif...
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| author | Yongpeng Yin Denglin Luo Lala Li Xingguo Li Mengyao Kang Bakht Ramin Shah Xianling Wei Wei Xu |
| author_facet | Yongpeng Yin Denglin Luo Lala Li Xingguo Li Mengyao Kang Bakht Ramin Shah Xianling Wei Wei Xu |
| author_sort | Yongpeng Yin |
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| description | The low stability of water-in-oil-in-water (W<sub>1</sub>/O/W<sub>2</sub>) double emulsions greatly limits their applications. Therefore, in this study, W<sub>1</sub>/O/W<sub>2</sub> Pickering double emulsions (PDEs) were prepared by a two-step emulsification method using polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR) and xanthan gum/lysozyme nanoparticles (XG/Ly NPs) as lipophilic and hydrophilic emulsifiers, respectively. The regulation mechanism of the performance of PDEs by XG/Ly NPs was investigated, and the ability of the system to co-encapsulate epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and β-carotene was evaluated. The results showed that increasing the XG/Ly NPs concentration can enhance the stability of PDEs. At 60% W<sub>2</sub> phase percentage and 2.0% XG/Ly NPs, the PDEs showed a smaller droplet size (23.47 ± 2.28 μm) and no phase separation after 21 days of storage. Additionally, the PDEs co-encapsulated system showed higher encapsulation efficiency (EGCG: 89.21%; β-carotene: 99.14%) and maintained high retention of active substances after 8 h of UV illumination (EGCG: 75.51%; β-carotene: 77.24%). As demonstrated by in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion assays, the bioaccessibility of EGCG and β-carotene simultaneously encapsulated was improved by 66.0% and 36.2%, respectively, compared with that of individually encapsulated EGCG and β-carotene. Overall, this study provides a new reference for the construction of highly stable PDEs and is promising as a co-encapsulation carrier for environmentally sensitive components. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj-art-b921495215dc4fe5acbaa09f8af61ca82025-01-10T13:17:47ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582025-01-011419810.3390/foods14010098Construction of Pickering Double Emulsions Based on Xanthan Gum/Lysozyme Nanoparticles: Structure, Stability, and Co-Encapsulation of Epigallocatechin Gallate and β-CaroteneYongpeng Yin0Denglin Luo1Lala Li2Xingguo Li3Mengyao Kang4Bakht Ramin Shah5Xianling Wei6Wei Xu7College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, ChinaCollege of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, ChinaCollege of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, ChinaCollege of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, ChinaCollege of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, ChinaDepartment of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Ziauddin University, Karachi 75600, PakistanCollege of Light Industry and Food Science, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, ChinaCollege of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, ChinaThe low stability of water-in-oil-in-water (W<sub>1</sub>/O/W<sub>2</sub>) double emulsions greatly limits their applications. Therefore, in this study, W<sub>1</sub>/O/W<sub>2</sub> Pickering double emulsions (PDEs) were prepared by a two-step emulsification method using polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR) and xanthan gum/lysozyme nanoparticles (XG/Ly NPs) as lipophilic and hydrophilic emulsifiers, respectively. The regulation mechanism of the performance of PDEs by XG/Ly NPs was investigated, and the ability of the system to co-encapsulate epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and β-carotene was evaluated. The results showed that increasing the XG/Ly NPs concentration can enhance the stability of PDEs. At 60% W<sub>2</sub> phase percentage and 2.0% XG/Ly NPs, the PDEs showed a smaller droplet size (23.47 ± 2.28 μm) and no phase separation after 21 days of storage. Additionally, the PDEs co-encapsulated system showed higher encapsulation efficiency (EGCG: 89.21%; β-carotene: 99.14%) and maintained high retention of active substances after 8 h of UV illumination (EGCG: 75.51%; β-carotene: 77.24%). As demonstrated by in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion assays, the bioaccessibility of EGCG and β-carotene simultaneously encapsulated was improved by 66.0% and 36.2%, respectively, compared with that of individually encapsulated EGCG and β-carotene. Overall, this study provides a new reference for the construction of highly stable PDEs and is promising as a co-encapsulation carrier for environmentally sensitive components.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/1/98pickering double emulsionsemulsion stabilityco-encapsulationepigallocatechin gallateβ-carotene |
| spellingShingle | Yongpeng Yin Denglin Luo Lala Li Xingguo Li Mengyao Kang Bakht Ramin Shah Xianling Wei Wei Xu Construction of Pickering Double Emulsions Based on Xanthan Gum/Lysozyme Nanoparticles: Structure, Stability, and Co-Encapsulation of Epigallocatechin Gallate and β-Carotene Foods pickering double emulsions emulsion stability co-encapsulation epigallocatechin gallate β-carotene |
| title | Construction of Pickering Double Emulsions Based on Xanthan Gum/Lysozyme Nanoparticles: Structure, Stability, and Co-Encapsulation of Epigallocatechin Gallate and β-Carotene |
| title_full | Construction of Pickering Double Emulsions Based on Xanthan Gum/Lysozyme Nanoparticles: Structure, Stability, and Co-Encapsulation of Epigallocatechin Gallate and β-Carotene |
| title_fullStr | Construction of Pickering Double Emulsions Based on Xanthan Gum/Lysozyme Nanoparticles: Structure, Stability, and Co-Encapsulation of Epigallocatechin Gallate and β-Carotene |
| title_full_unstemmed | Construction of Pickering Double Emulsions Based on Xanthan Gum/Lysozyme Nanoparticles: Structure, Stability, and Co-Encapsulation of Epigallocatechin Gallate and β-Carotene |
| title_short | Construction of Pickering Double Emulsions Based on Xanthan Gum/Lysozyme Nanoparticles: Structure, Stability, and Co-Encapsulation of Epigallocatechin Gallate and β-Carotene |
| title_sort | construction of pickering double emulsions based on xanthan gum lysozyme nanoparticles structure stability and co encapsulation of epigallocatechin gallate and β carotene |
| topic | pickering double emulsions emulsion stability co-encapsulation epigallocatechin gallate β-carotene |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/1/98 |
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