Seasonal Analysis of Planetary Boundary Layer and Turbulence in Warsaw, Poland Through Lidar and LES Simulations
We analyzed the planetary boundary layer (PBL) characteristics in Warsaw, Poland for a day of summer, autumn, winter, and spring of 2021 by integrating and comparing measured and simulated data. Using remote sensing lidar sensor data, the PBLH was calculated using wavelet covariance transform (WCT)...
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2024-12-01
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| author | Rayonil G. Carneiro Maciej Karasewicz Camilla K. Borges Lucja Janicka Dongxiang Wang Gilberto Fisch Iwona S. Stachlewska |
| author_facet | Rayonil G. Carneiro Maciej Karasewicz Camilla K. Borges Lucja Janicka Dongxiang Wang Gilberto Fisch Iwona S. Stachlewska |
| author_sort | Rayonil G. Carneiro |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We analyzed the planetary boundary layer (PBL) characteristics in Warsaw, Poland for a day of summer, autumn, winter, and spring of 2021 by integrating and comparing measured and simulated data. Using remote sensing lidar sensor data, the PBLH was calculated using wavelet covariance transform (WCT) and the gradient method (GM). Also, simulations of turbulent fluxes were performed utilizing the large eddy simulation (LES) from the Parallel Large Eddy Simulation Model (PALM) to better understand how turbulence and convection behave across different seasons in Warsaw. The PBLH diurnal cycles showed pronounced changes in their vertical structure as a function of the season: the winter heights were shallow (~0.7 km), while summer heights were deeper (~1.7 km). The spring and autumn presented transient characteristics of PBLH around 1.0 km. This study is crucial for enhancing urban air quality and climate modeling. The PBLH simulations from PALM showed agreement with the measured data, with an underestimation of approximately 10% in both methods. Through PALM, it was possible to observe that summer exhibited increased convection, enhanced mixing efficiency, and a deeper boundary layer compared to other seasons throughout the daily cycle. Winter has a lower sensible heat flux and little convection throughout the day. Spring and autumn showed intermediate characteristics. In this way, the effectiveness of the applicability of the PALM model to obtain flows within the PBL and their heights is highlighted, because correlations ranged from strong to very strong (r ≥ 0.70). |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj-art-b91c70a8bc6a4a3c904712bfa11eedcf2024-12-27T14:51:02ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922024-12-011624472810.3390/rs16244728Seasonal Analysis of Planetary Boundary Layer and Turbulence in Warsaw, Poland Through Lidar and LES SimulationsRayonil G. Carneiro0Maciej Karasewicz1Camilla K. Borges2Lucja Janicka3Dongxiang Wang4Gilberto Fisch5Iwona S. Stachlewska6Faculty of Physics, Institute of Geophysics, University of Warsaw, 00-927 Warsaw, PolandFaculty of Physics, Institute of Geophysics, University of Warsaw, 00-927 Warsaw, PolandFaculty of Physics, Institute of Geophysics, University of Warsaw, 00-927 Warsaw, PolandFaculty of Physics, Institute of Geophysics, University of Warsaw, 00-927 Warsaw, PolandSolar Power Generation Technology Research Institute, SEPCOIII Electric Power Construction Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266100, ChinaAgricultural Science Division, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Taubaté (UNITAU), Taubaté 12080-000, SP, BrazilFaculty of Physics, Institute of Geophysics, University of Warsaw, 00-927 Warsaw, PolandWe analyzed the planetary boundary layer (PBL) characteristics in Warsaw, Poland for a day of summer, autumn, winter, and spring of 2021 by integrating and comparing measured and simulated data. Using remote sensing lidar sensor data, the PBLH was calculated using wavelet covariance transform (WCT) and the gradient method (GM). Also, simulations of turbulent fluxes were performed utilizing the large eddy simulation (LES) from the Parallel Large Eddy Simulation Model (PALM) to better understand how turbulence and convection behave across different seasons in Warsaw. The PBLH diurnal cycles showed pronounced changes in their vertical structure as a function of the season: the winter heights were shallow (~0.7 km), while summer heights were deeper (~1.7 km). The spring and autumn presented transient characteristics of PBLH around 1.0 km. This study is crucial for enhancing urban air quality and climate modeling. The PBLH simulations from PALM showed agreement with the measured data, with an underestimation of approximately 10% in both methods. Through PALM, it was possible to observe that summer exhibited increased convection, enhanced mixing efficiency, and a deeper boundary layer compared to other seasons throughout the daily cycle. Winter has a lower sensible heat flux and little convection throughout the day. Spring and autumn showed intermediate characteristics. In this way, the effectiveness of the applicability of the PALM model to obtain flows within the PBL and their heights is highlighted, because correlations ranged from strong to very strong (r ≥ 0.70).https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/24/4728planetary boundary layer heightremote sensinggradient methodwavelet covariance transform methodPALM model |
| spellingShingle | Rayonil G. Carneiro Maciej Karasewicz Camilla K. Borges Lucja Janicka Dongxiang Wang Gilberto Fisch Iwona S. Stachlewska Seasonal Analysis of Planetary Boundary Layer and Turbulence in Warsaw, Poland Through Lidar and LES Simulations Remote Sensing planetary boundary layer height remote sensing gradient method wavelet covariance transform method PALM model |
| title | Seasonal Analysis of Planetary Boundary Layer and Turbulence in Warsaw, Poland Through Lidar and LES Simulations |
| title_full | Seasonal Analysis of Planetary Boundary Layer and Turbulence in Warsaw, Poland Through Lidar and LES Simulations |
| title_fullStr | Seasonal Analysis of Planetary Boundary Layer and Turbulence in Warsaw, Poland Through Lidar and LES Simulations |
| title_full_unstemmed | Seasonal Analysis of Planetary Boundary Layer and Turbulence in Warsaw, Poland Through Lidar and LES Simulations |
| title_short | Seasonal Analysis of Planetary Boundary Layer and Turbulence in Warsaw, Poland Through Lidar and LES Simulations |
| title_sort | seasonal analysis of planetary boundary layer and turbulence in warsaw poland through lidar and les simulations |
| topic | planetary boundary layer height remote sensing gradient method wavelet covariance transform method PALM model |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/24/4728 |
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